Professional Documents
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ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
Alergy-Immunology Subdivision
Medical Faculty of Andalas University/ RSUP DR. M. Djamil Padang
2016
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Microbial infections are recognized by the innate immune system
both to elicit immediate defense and to generate long-lasting
adaptive immunity.
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Contd
The sensing of microbes by PRRs expressed on antigen-presenting
cells, particularly dendritic cells (DCs), leads to the activation of
adaptive immune responses.
Several classes of PRRs have now been identified and characterized
in some detail.
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Recognition by the innate immune system
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Contd
The anatomical
compartment in which the
pathogen is recognized
informs the host of the
degree of threat it poses.
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Microorganisms in the lumen of the gut do not trigger
inflammation, whereas those that have crossed the
epithelial layer induce a local inflammatory response.
Moreover, pathogens in the bloodstream signify a breach
in barrier and are met with a full-blown systemic
response.
This compartment-specific outcome of sensing by the
innate immune system is mediated by distinct sentinel
cells that are strategically located to detect the location
of pathogens.
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Contd
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The choice of effector responses
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Contd
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NEUTROPHILS: THEIR ROLE IN ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
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Contd
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Contd
The paper byO. R. Aleman et al. explores direct
stimulation of individual Fc receptors to induce NET
formation and finds that only FcRIIIb cross-linking
induced NET formation in a NADPH oxidase-, PKC-, and
ERK-dependent.
Phagocytic and oxidative activities of neutrophils of
healthy older women that exercise regularly are higher
than those of sedentary older women.
The physical condition of each individual was a
significant predictor of phagocytosis potential.
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The paper by M. R. Tardif et al.
describes an alternative secretion
pathway in neutrophils for the
release of the S100A8/A9
(calprotectin) and S100A12,
proinflammatorymediators.
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Neutrophils seem to have dual roles in promoting
and controlling inflammation. The mechanisms that
control the final outcome are not completely
described, but these opposite functions must be
tightly balanced.
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Contd
Moreover, neutrophil derived products can regulate the action of
other immune cells and can contribute to the development and
chronicity of inflammatory diseases.
The two-hit model states that a first injury (i.e., hit) can serve
as a priming event which sequential insults can build on,
culminating in a disproportioned inflammatory response to injury.
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THANK YOU
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