ETHICS

VS
AKHLAK
A REVIEW WITHIN THE BUSINESS
ENVIRONMENT IN MALAYSIA
 MGU 2123
DR. IZWAN HARITH BIN ITHNAN

NAMA NO.MATRIK
NADIA EZZATY BT NAUAWI PH1620409
NUR SYAWANIE BT ALI PH1620257
NUR SABRINA BT YAHAYA PH1620764
NUR `AINA BINTI ZUHAIR PH1620619
 INTRODUCTION
Scope:
1. Define ethics, akhlak and the difference
2. Issue 1: The Fraudulent Hajj and Umrah Agencies
Business
3. Issue 2: The Manipulating Logo and Halal Certificate
4. Issue 3: The Ethics in Gambling Business Industry
5. Conclusion
DEFINITION
 ETHICS
Derived : Greek ETHOS (custom/character@moral/traditional
character)
Evolved :
1. French ETHIQUE
2. Latin ETHICE
3. English ETHIC
*(Judy Pearshall, 1999)

1. Set of values, norms

and moral basis 2. Knowledge that 3. System of rules
regarding behavior distinguish an action governing the
and individual as right or wrong ordering of values
behavior in a social and as good or bad *(Bateman & Snell,
group *(James H. (Burhanuddin, 2000 2002)
Donelly Jr, 1998)
GENERAL MEANING OF
ETHICS

The value of good and bad

deed of human with the mind
measurement
*(Hamzah Yaakub, 1983)
 AKHLAK
Derived : Arabic Khuluqun (character)
Etymology : Nature, character and personality

Imam al Ghazali Akhlak is a Set of Islamic moral

character planted @ embeded
in the soul from which the
action come easily without the
need to think and determine.
If the character planted in the
soul then it will produce some
good and noble action based
on syariah
values which have been
prescribed
fundamentally in the
Quran and implemented
by Prophet Muhammad
(pbuh) during his life.
*(Wan Hamat, 2013)
 TWO TYPEs OF AKHLAK

MAHMUDAH MAZMUMAH
 DIFFERENCE
AKHLAK

ETHICS
 IN BUSINESS PERSPECTIVE

ETHICS AKHLAK
Emphasis Only Material Value Include Spiritual Value Beside
Material Value
Only Aim Benefit In This Dunya Aim Benefit In Both Dunya
And Hereafter
The Paradigm : All Ways That The Paradigm : All Ways That
Considered Right By Mind Halal By Syariah
Judgement
 Lets Say
It is considered reasonable to a Non-Muslim
businessman to invited a Muslim businessman to a
drinking session as a business gesture and recognize
their business relationship.
To a Muslim businessman , accepting such invitation
is acceptable but since the Muslim does not
consume alcoholic drink, the Non-Muslim
businessman may feel offended if the Muslim
businessman does not consume the alcoholic drink.
The Non-Muslim businessman could misinterpret the
action
 THE FIRST ISSUE:

The Fraudulent Hajj

And Umrah Agencies
Business
 Umrah worship is relatively easier to be served than
Hajj as there is no strict quota and regulation. Every
year the pilgrims from Malaysia show a very
significant increase. For 2013 only 230,000 people
have worked umrah compared to only 28,000
pilgrims who perform the Hajj.

Due to the high demand for Umrah and no

comprehensive and effective control mechanisms,
fraud cases in relation to umrah packages have also
been increased.
 MAIN CAUSES

the irony of the weakness of

irresponsible our own users who
are easily deceived
parties in by the cheap
deception and umrah package
gain traps.
 FRAUD FORM

Intent to Conduct Service Unequal As

Service Promised

Others :
(Scratch & Win,
Lucky Draw, Lifetime
Card)
THE MODUS OPERANDI OF FRAUD

Cheap Umrah package deals

MLM

Sponsorship

Using influential people

 PROBLEMS

1 Umrah flight delays

2 Pilgrims umrah stranded

3 Failure to obtain umrah visa approval

4 Appointment of agent / representative of umrah without license

5 Terms and conditions violations

cases of umrah packages by individuals or licensed / unlicensed

6 companies
 Islam has a complete guideline for his people in his
life, including guidelines on how a business is run
with no further differentiate it from ethics, because
in Islamic Ethics and business are one inseparable
unity

Business activity in Islam is not only done their fellow

human beings, but also performed between man and
Allah SWT
 NO NO
ETHICS AKHLAK
 The second issue :

Manipulating logo and

halal certificate
TYPES OF MANIPULATING

Self
Truly frauds
declaration
 SELF DECLARATION
A self-serving declaration refers to a statement made
by a party in his/ her own interest at some place and
time out of court.(legal dictionary)
In which they have good intentions regarding halal
declaration such as using no pork, no lard but not
in a good form to tell
In ethics it have right thing to do but in akhlak did
not
One of form of manipulating
 TRULY FRAUDS
fraud is a false representation of a matter of fact
whether by words or by conduct, by false or
misleading allegations, or by concealment of
what should have been disclosed that deceives
and is intended to deceive another.(legal
dictionary)
Fraud is a clear example of ethical lapse, but not
all ethical lapses are fraud.
In akhlak no matter what the fact it always called
frauds
 The Third Issue :

THE ETHICS IN
GAMBLING BUSINESS
INDUSTRY
 Tourist
expenditures

Countrys tax Citizen

revenues employments

Personal
income
legal gambling started with lottery (1969)
non-muslim

Strong economic impact gross revenues

rapidly increase

Total tax revenue (2009) =

RM158.6 billion
RM3 billion or 2% of total tax revenue
contributed (not including illegal gambling)
PROHIBITION OF GAMBLING IN ISLAM

Al-Maidah (verse 90-91):

O believers, wine and gambling (maysir),
idols and divination by arrows are but the
abomination devised by the Satan, avoid
them so that you may prosper. Indeed Satan
seeks to stir up enmity and hatred among
you by means wine and gambling and to
keep you away from remembrance of Allah
SWT and from your prayer.
 SUMMARY
Indeed, the business of opening casino, prostitution
and night club seem to be permitted in conventional business
ethics, as long as the business are done in line with the local
acts. Contrary to this, in Islamic business, the above examples
strictly considered to be unlawful, and they are not considered
halal at all. There are several reasons for not allowing the
above activities. First, they lead into the social problems.
Second, it is stated clearly that gambling and adultery are
obviously prohibited in Islam. Therefore, although some
businesses are ethical in other organization, but from Islamic
point of view it is not ethical, or haram.
CONCLUSION

The aim of ethics is to identify both

the the rules, that should govern
peoples behaviour and the goods
that are worth seeking.
Islamic ethics deals with all aspects
of human life