QUALITATIVE

RESEARCH
What is Qualitative Research?

Qualitative research focuses on

understanding social phenomena
and providing rich verbal
descriptions of setting, situation,
and participants.
Kinds of Qualitative Research
Basic Interpretative Studies
Case Studies
Document or Content Analysis
Etnography
Grounded Theory
Historical Research
Narative Inquiry
Phenomenological Studies
BASIC INTREPETATIVE STUDIES
Basic Interpretative Studies

Basic interpretative studies provides descriptive

accounts targeted to understanding a phenomenon

using data that might be collected in a variety way such

as interviews, observations, and document review.

CASE STUDIES
Case Studies

Case study is a type of ethograpic

research study that focuses on a
single unit, such as one individual,
one group, one organization, or one
program.
DOCUMENT OR CONTENT ANALYSIS
Document or Content Analysis

Content analysis is the analysis of what is contained in a

message.
A research method for the subjective interpretation of the
content of text data through the systematic classification
process of coding and identifying themes or patterns (Hsieh
and Shanon, 2005)
It uses analysis of written and visual materials
Interview as one of method of data collection in content
anaylsis
ETNOGRAPHY
Etnography

Ethnographic study refers to a study of culture, beliefs and

values of a social group
It describes beliefs, values, and attitudes of a group
Long time at the site
Collection of large volumes of materials
Method of data collection:
Observations,
Fieldwork (Fieldnotes, audio recorder, video record)
In-dept interview.

Types of Ethnographic study:

Feminist ethnography
Autoethnography
GROUNDED THEORY
Grounded Theory

Grounded Theory research is design to develop

a theory of social phenomena based on the field
data collected in a study.

Steps in Groud Theory

The researher construct concept
Forms a theory by proposing plausible relationship among the concept
Grounded the data
HISTORICAL RESEARCH
Historical Research

Historical Research analyzes document and/or uses interview

eyewitnesses to gain insight into past events.
The success of historical research depends on the accuracy
and compiteness of the source material.

Example:
Investigate the methods used to teach reading in the past
NARRATIVE INQUIRY
Narrative Inquiry

Narrative to narrate

Describing the lives individuals

Collecting stories about peoples lives
Write narratives of individual experiences.
Why Narrative Research is done?
Specific insight
Reduce a commonly held preception by practitioners

Example:
Autobiography
Biography
Personal documents
Key Characteristics of Narrative Design

Individual Experiences
Chronology of the experiences
Collecting individual stories
Restorying
Coding for the theme
Collaboration with participants
Steps in Narrative Research

Identify phenomenon
Purposefully select an individual
Collect stories
Restory
Collaborate with participant
Write a story
Validate the accuracy
PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDIES
Phenomenological Studies

(McLeod: 2011: 89)

Qualitative research requiring the researcher to
collect verbal or written protocols describing the
experience.
The investigation of phenomena
Purposes

Identify
Isolate
Produce an analysis in phenomenon in question
 QUIZ

What are the charateristics of Qualitative

research?
Answers

1. Natural Settings Data

2. Researcher as the main tools to collect the data
3. Rescriptive Report
4. The research focus on process rather than result
5. Prefer for first hand data
6. Detail Reporting
7. Take simple based on the research study