Irfannuddin

Department of Physiology
Sriwijaya School of Medicine
 Hormones
GH, thyroids, insulin, sex hormones, ect
Adequate diets
Protein, calories, vitamins, calcium
Genetics
Potential adult size
Stress
Psychic, physic
 Utilization a lot of energy
Micro trauma

Could be good or bad !!

 Influences endocrine functions
For growth & maturation
Especially in bones, muscles, and some
organs
 Stimulation CNS Pancreas
/ Exercise (Insulin&glucagon)
Med. Adrenal
Neurosecretions
E & NE
Neurohypophysis Adenohypophysis GH

ACTH Cortisol
Parathormone ADH TSH Sex hormones
Lipolysis

Water conversion
Catabolism
Glycogenolisis
Calcitonin Thyroxine
Gluconeogenesis
Ca level
Anabolism
Oxydation
Laws Law
Tensile & compression are essential stimuli
for bone formation
Tensile (Stretch of muscle insertion)
bone length
Compression (Weight bearing)
bone density
 Exercises increase the contractile proteins
and enzyme concentration
Increase fiber size and number of nuclei
Muscular hypertrophy

Evidence base
The increase of legs muscle fiber areas after
3 month sprint training
 Exercise is proved to decrease fat cell size,
not fat cell number (similar with caloric
restriction)
ability to mobilize and oxidize fat (lipolysis)
Evidence base:
Significant of fat levels after 20-weeks
aerobic training program
Evidence base:
In ordinary level, exercise is not
significantly increase to
somatic/skeletal/sexual maturation
(Still dominated by hormones & genetics)
But Exercise could optimize the
maturation

Exercise significant increase the motor

skills ability and physical capacity
 Some reflects (holding, sucking)
Turn around
Sitting
Crawling
Standing
Walking Running
Specific Skill Ability
 Centers of motor skill
Cerebral cortex ?
Cerebellum ?
Basal ganglia ?
Spinal cord ?
 Why dont we has a same ability with Robin
Hood ?
How come D. Beckham could kick the ball like
that ?
Exercise :
Stimulate motor skills by instruction and
practice
Adaptation process
(sensors. CPU, motorist)

Ability in general & specific movements

Orisinility
 Sensors
Joint sensors (angle, tension, stress)
Muscle Spindle (tension, stress)
Tendon Golgy (tension, stress)
Vestibular (linier, rotation)
Eye (Electromagnetic), etc
Centers of motor skill (relate to memory)
Cerebral cortex
Cerebellum
Basal Ganglia
Spinal cord
Motorist
Motor unit
Muscle
 Genetic mutation
Related to threshold/sensitivity
Receptors, signaling
Related to protein synthesis
Resources
Related to metabolic process
Intra- or intercellular chemical transfer & reaction