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Paracelsus
Paracelsus was so grandiose
And perhaps just a little bit gross
Manure, blood, and sand
and thus you create man
But what makes it a poison is dose!
The Undecided Dose
Too much of a thing makes you blue
But not having it can kill you too
Too much or too little
Let's not be so fickle
We'll go Dutch and divide it by two.
A Small Dose of Toxicology Intro Principles of Toxicology
A Small Dose of Toxicology Intro Principles of Toxicology
Welcome !!
Other stuff!!!
An Introduction to the
Principles of Toxicology
How Chemicals Affect Your Health
www.healthyworldtheater.org
A Small Dose of Toxicology Intro Principles of Toxicology
Healthy World Theater
See: http://healthlinks.washington.edu/nwcphp/nph/
nwph
A Small Dose of Toxicology Intro Principles of Toxicology
Child Health
78.2% no data
www.preventingharm.org
A Small Dose of Toxicology Intro Principles of Toxicology
The Consequences
Shakespeare (1564-1616)
Hong Kong
Princess Diana
Ambassador to Mexico
Coeur dAlene, Silver Valley, ID
Tacoma
$100 Billion, $65 Billion
Food, noise, dust
11,000 to 689,000 Children
3
O N
N
CH3
A Small Dose of Toxicology Intro Principles of Toxicology
Key Words
Dose / Response
Risk =
Hazard X Exposure
Individual Sensitivity
A Small Dose of Toxicology Intro Principles of Toxicology
Paracelsus
Paracelsus (1493-1541)
S. G. Gilbert (1997)
H H
H C C OH
H H
(CH3-CH2-
A Small Dose of Toxicology OH) Intro Principles of Toxicology
A Small Dose of Toxicology Intro Principles of Toxicology
FASAChild
Small Dose of Toxicology Intro Principles of Toxicology
Mouse Scanning EM
Greek 2nd BC
Size
Consume More Food
Inhale More Air
Developing Nervous System
Increased need for Calcium
50
40
40
30
30 25
20
20
15
10
10
2
0
CDC CDC CDC CDC WHO EPA CDC CDC
1960 1973 1975 1985 1986 1986 1990 2006?
Agency and Year
http://www.doh.wa.gov/fish/FishAdvMercury.htm
A Small Dose of Toxicology Intro Principles of Toxicology
Structure of PBDEs
Brx Br
y
X & Y are number of Bromine atoms
Common Penta, Octa, and Deca
From EWG - Toxic Fire Retardants in Breast Milk from American Mothers - http://www.ewg.org/reports/mothersmilk/es.php
A Small Dose of Toxicology Intro Principles of Toxicology
PBDEs In Milk Fat
PBDE in milk fat - Puget Sound mothers
175 156
150
126
ppb in Milk Fat
125 117
100
75 56
50
50
26
25 13 13 13
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Sample Number
http://www.pollutioninpeople.org/
Dose / Response
Risk =
Hazard X Exposure
Individual Sensitivity
A Small Dose of Toxicology Intro Principles of Toxicology
Effects of Amount on Response
All Effected
100
% Difficulty Walking
75
50
Amount half
are effected
25
NO Effect
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Glasses of Wine
75
50 Half Effected
25 NO Effect
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Dose (mg/kg body weight)
Increasing dose
Route of exposure
1) Skin (dermal)
2) Lung (inhalation)
3) Oral (gut)
Number of Times
Time Between
4 Beers in an hour or
4 Beers in 4 Days
Acute Exposure
Sub-chronic Exposure
Chronic Exposure
Where It Goes
(body water, fat, bone)
Where It Accumulates
O
CH3
CH3
N
N 7
1
3 N
O N
CH3
A Small Dose of Toxicology Intro Principles of Toxicology
Half-life
How Long It Takes To Go
Concentration (g/ml)
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Time (hrs)
A Small Dose of Toxicology Intro Principles of Toxicology
Susceptibility & Variability
Young or Old
Male or Female
Individual Variability
Genetics Differences
Species Differences
Dietary exposure
Pesticide residues on crops, dust
hand to mouth
Community exposure
Airborne drift from commercial app
Contaminated drinking water
Leaching from soils to ground water