RAILWAY COMUNICATION:

BANGLADESH PERSPECTIVE

Mr. Mahbubur Rahman

Lecturer,
Department of Civil Engineering
Stamford University Bangladesh
51, Siddeswari, Dhaka.
 PARTICIPENT
GROUP-A

MD. SAKIN MORSHED CEN-03305523

SHAMSUL ISLAM SHISHIR CEN-03305528
MD.FAJLUL BARI FUAD CHOWDHURY CEN-03305529
A.B.M.MASUDUL ALAM CEN-03305534
MAHDI MASUD CEN-03305546
B.M.TIPU SULTAN CEN-03305551
PRODIP KUMAR CEN-03305554
SHAMMI AKHTAR CEN-03305559
MD.SAYDUR RAHMAN CEN-02805229
 History of Railway
In 1769 France Mechanic Nicholas Joseph First
invented air engine. In 27 september 1825,
Railway first start at England.

Railway acts as an important method of mass

transport in Bangladesh . Many districts of the
country are connected via railways.Bangladesh
Railway began in 1862. 53.11 km broad gauge
line for traffic on 15 November between Darsana
and Jagiti. The next 14.98 km meter gauge line
was opened for traffic on 4th January 1885. In
1891, the construction of then Assam-Bengal
Railway was taken by the Assam-Bangla
Railway Company. On 1 July 1895, two sections
of meter gauge lines were opened between
Chittagong and Comilla, a length of 149.89
kilometers and between Laksam and Cahndpur, a
length of 50.89 kilometers. Railway Companies
formed in England took up the construction and
operation of these sections in middle and late
19th century. Bangladesh Railway was mostly
inherited from the British-established Assam
Bengal railway system after the partition of India
in 1947. At present Bangladesh Railway has got
2855 route kilometers.
 Bangladesh Railway's headquarters are located
in the southern port city of Chittagong, which
had historically been the south-eastern
terminus of the Assam-Bengal Railway. After
independence from Pakistan in 1971, only a
small length of additional new tracks were laid .

As of 2005, the total length of railroad is 2,706

km. Of that, 923 km are broad gauge (1.676
meter) tracks (mostly in the western region),
while the remaining 1,822 km are metre gauge
tracks (mostly in the central and eastern
regions). The gauge problem is being tackled
by adding third rails to the most important broad
and metre gauge routes, so that they become
dual gauge.

A major road-rail bridge at Jamuna opened in

1998 to connect the previously isolated east
and west rail networks.

As of March 2008, the broad gauge reached

Dhaka the national capital, though only up to
Dhaka Cantonment, DOHS Baridhara. Recently
It Reached in to Kamlapur Station.
 IMPORTANCE
RAIL IS THE BEST WAY TO CARRYING HEAVY LOAD.

AVAILABLE IN EVERY COUNTRIES.

CAN PASS HUGE PASSENGER.

POPULAR IN COMMERCIAL COMPANY.

LESS RISK.

JOURNEY IS REASONABLE.
 RAIL
ROUTE
IN
BANGLADESH
CROSS SECTION OF DOUBLE
TRACK RAILWAY ALIGNMENT
 COMPONENTS
AND
FUNCTIONS
SUBBALLAST
BALLAST
CROSS AND SWITCH TIES
RAIL
CONSTRUCTION
JOINTS
RAIL ANCHORS
TIE PLATES AND FASTENINGS
TRACK SPIKES
RAIL JOINTS AND ACCESSORIES
(SPLICE BARS)
SWITCHES
SWITCH STANDS
DERAILS
FROGS AND GUARD RAILS
TRACK TOOLS
Gauge
The Gauge of a railway track is defined as the clear minimun perpendicular distance
between inner faces of the two Rails.

The standard track gauge - the distance between the two rails - is 4 ft. 8 in or 1435
mm. but many other gauges, wider and narrower than this, are in use around the
world. Gauge is often intentionally widened slightly on curved track.
 FACTORS
Factors affecting the choice of gauge:
1.Traffic Conditions.
2. Development of poor areas.
3. Cost of track.
4. Nature of country.
 TYPE OF GAUGE
Type Width
Broad Gauge 1676~1524mm
Standard Gauge 1435~1451mm
Meter Gauge 1076~1000mm
Narrow Gauge 762~610 mm
 TYPE OF
GAUGE USES
IN
BANGLADESH
 RAIL
Rails are similar to steel Girder. These are placed end to end to
provide continuous and level surface for the Train to move.
RAIL IN CROSS
PAST SECTION OF
RAIL
 TYPE OF RAIL
The standard form of rail used around
the world is the "flat bottom" rail. It
has a wide base or "foot" and narrower
top or "head".
Bullhead rail was originally designed
with reuse in mind. It was intended
that it would be turned over when the
top had worn but this proved
impossible because the underside also
wore where it had been secured to the
sleeper. Bullhead rail has to be
mounted a special "chair" made of cast
iron and secured by a "key" wedged
between the rail web and the
chair. The chairs are secured to the
sleepers by "coach screws".
 Ballast
Ballast is provided to give support, load transfer
and drainage to the track and thereby keep
water away from the rails and sleepers. Ballast
must support the weight of the track and the
considerable cyclic loading of passing trains

Individual loads on rails can be as high as 50

tonnes Ballast will be laid to a depth of 9 to 12
inches (up to 300 mm on a high speed
track). Ballast weighs about 1,600 to 1,800
kg/cu/m

A highly cost effective solution for the

reinforcement of ballast over a soft subgrade
are Tensar biaxial geogrids, which bring
significant benefits to railway engineers

Direct ballast reinforcement reduces the rate of

track settlement and reduces maintenance
cycles
 Reinforcement of a granular sub-base layer
beneath the railway ballast to increase the
bearing capacity of the track foundation.
An alternative to increasing the depth of
ballast, or adopting chemical stabilisation.
Improved rail ballast performance allows
consistent high speeds to be achieved
Reduction of the rate of permanent
settlement.
Avoids the need for excavation of soft soil
and replacement with thick layers of imported
fill.
Reduced maintenance due to a proven
increase in the intervals between
maintenance interventions
 SLEEPERS
Traditionally, sleepers are
wooden. They can be softwood or
hardwood. In Bangladesh uses a
hardwood .Sleepers are normally
impregnated with preservative
and, under good conditions, They
are easy to cut and drill and used
to be cheap and
plentiful. Nowadays, they are
becoming more expensive and
other types of materials have
appeared, notably concrete and
steel.

Steel sleepers are also now used

on more lightly used roads, but
they are regarded as suitable only
where speeds are 100 mi/h (160
km/h) or less.
 Concrete is the most popular of the new
types .They resist movement better than
wooden ones. They work well under
most conditions but there are some
railways which have found that they do
not perform well under the loads of
heavy haul freight trains. A concrete
sleeper can weighs up to 320 kg (700
lbs)

Another type of concrete

sleeper is the twin-block
sleeper.
The design consists of two
concrete blocks joined by a
steel bar. It is 30% lighter than
a regular concrete sleeper,
allowing it to be moved
manually. It is popular in
France
 FITTING & FASTENING

The purpose of providing fitting & fastening is to hold the rail in proper
position for the smooth running of trains. This fitting & fastening join rail with
rail as well as fix the sleepers with rail.

Type of fastening :
Bearing Plate.
Fish Plate,
Spike
Hook bolt
Fangbolt
Chair and key etc.
DETAIL PARTS OF FASTENING
DIFFERENT TYPE OF FASTENING
DIFFERENT TYPE OF FASTENING
DIFFERENT TYPE OF FASTENING
DIFFERENT TYPE OF FASTENING
 SIGNAL
TYPE OF SIGNAL
- ACCORDING TO FUNCTION
- ACCORDING TO LOCATION
- ACCORDING TO OPERATION
- SPECIAL SIGNAL
 ACCORDING TO FUNCTION
- SIMAPHORE SIGNAL
- WARNER SIGNAL
- GROUND SIGNAL
- COLOURED LIGHT SIGNAL

ACCORDING TO LOCATION
- OUTHER SIGNAL
- HOME SIGNAL
- STARTER SIGNAL
- ADVANCE STARTER SIGNAL

ACCORDING TO OPERATION
- ROUTING SIGNAL
- REPEATING SIGNAL
- CO-ACTING SIGNAL
- CALLING-ON SIGNAL
- INDICATOR SIGNAL
- MISCELANEOUS SIGNAL

SPECIAL SIGNAL
- DITONATING SIGNAL
- HAND SIGNAL
- FIXED SIGNAL
 SIGNAL
CONTROLING
ROOM
VARIOUS TYPE OF SIGNAL
SIGNALING SIGN
 TURN
SWITCHES
Switches are mechanical devices consisting of special crossties with rails that permit a train to change tracks and
therefore, change direction. Switches may be controlled either manually or electronically.
 DERAILS

Derails are safety devices designed to limit

unauthorized movement of a car or locomotive
beyond a specific point. The most frequent use of
derails is to prevent unauthorized movement of
equipment from a side track onto a main track.
Derails are sometimes used to prevent the
movement of equipment onto portions of a side
track where it might cause an accident or damage.

FROGS AND GUARD RAILS

Frogs are special pieces of trackwork that enable
flanged wheels to cross from one rail onto another
rail. Guard rails consist of a rail or series of rails that
lay parallel to the running rails of a track

TURNOUT
I have used the word "turnout" to describe the junctions in trackwork where lines diverge or
converge so as to avoid "points" (UK) or "switches" (US), both of which terms can be
confusing. In the railway "trade", turnouts are referred to as "switch and crossing work". A
turnout consists of a number of parts as follows:
The moving part of the turnout is the switch "blade" or "point", one for each route. The two
blades are fixed to each other by a tie bar to ensure that when one is against its stock rail,
the other is fully clear and will provide room for the wheel flange to pass through
cleanly. Either side of the crossing area, wing and check rails are provided to assist the
guidance of the wheelsets through the crossing.
TYPE OF TURNOUT
GUARD RAIL
TURN TABLE
CROSSING
Crossing are provided to transfer
Train from one track to the other.
The tracks may be parallel or
diverging or converging each
other.

IMPORTANCE
To passing one line to
another line.
DIFFERENT
TYPES OF
CROSSING
RAIL MAINTENANCE
JAM AT CROSSING POINT
PRESENT
RAIL
ROUTE
IN
BANGLADESH
PROPOSED
RAIL
ROUTE
IN
BANGLADESH
COMMUTER
RAIL ROUTE
IN
BANGLADESH
ANY QUESTION ?