PETROLEUM REFINING

ELECTIVE I
 CRUDE OIL
Crude oil is a complex liquid mixture made up of a vast number of
hydrocarbon compounds that consist mainly of carbon and hydrogen in
differing proportions.
 3 MAIN CLASSES OF HYDROCARBONS
SATURATED HYDROCARBONS (SINGLE BOND)
ALKANES = PARAFFINS
CYCLIC = NAPTHENES
UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS (DOUBLE BOND)
OLEFINS
AROMATICS (RELATED TO BENZENE)
PARAFFINS
NAPTHENES (CYCLOALKANES)
OLEFINS
AROMATICS
 OTHER COMPOUNDS
SULPHUR COMPOUNDS

OXYGEN COMPUNDS

NITROGEN COMPOUNDS

METALLIC COMPOUNDS
ASPHALTENES & RESINS
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG)
 GASOLINE

REGULAR
OCTANE RATING 85-88
MID-GRADE
OCTANE RATING 88-90
PREMIUM
OCTANE RATING >90
LUBRICATING OIL (LUBE OIL)
CLASSIFICATION OF CRUDE OIL

API GRAVITY = (141.5/SG ) 131.5

SO FOR WATER, API GRAVITY = 10