The

Industrial
Revolution
Begins
What is the economy?
Economy - the way that people make and buy/obtain
resources
Examples
Agricultural economy (people primarily farm crops to sell)
Manufacturing economy (people primarily make things in factories
to sell)
Define: Industry
What do you think industry is?

What about industrialization?

Industry - economic activity concerned with the

processing of raw materials and manufacture of goods in
factories

Industrialization the transition from a primarily

agricultural economy to one of manufactured goods

Agricultural farming

Manufactured made in factories

Why do we call it a
Revolution?

It was a big
CHANGE

But first what was it a change from?

Lets focus on one place, the first place
to industrialize. England.
Agricultural Revolution
England, in the mid-1700s has primarily an agricultural
economy
Wealth is driven by access to land and farming

Some innovators come up with some new inventions

that make farming more productive (make more food in
less space, with fewer workers)
Wealthy people buy up all the land and create mega-farms
(this is called the enclosure movement)
Spreading seeds takes a long time, Jethro Tull invents the
seed drill, which is a machine that plants seeds faster,
growing into more crops.
Crop rotation more crops!
Selective breeding better farm animals
Agricultural
Revolution -
Results
More food, more people! Population rises.

New machines save labor, fewer jobs in the countryside

Farmers begin to move to cities for work

Higher demand for goods like clothing, things people

have to make.
At this point, most things are made by piecework in peoples
houses. Companies hire people to make things in their
homes. This is known as the cottage industry.

New inventions and machinery make factory production

of goods easier. The migrated farmers begin to work in
the factories The Industrial Revolution has begun!
But, Why is England special?
In particular, England had a lot of resources:
Coal, water and iron
Harbors and rivers
Colonies overseas (additional natural resources)
No wars on British soil

Some other countries had some of these things, but none

of them had all four Factors of Production
Land
Labor
Wealth (Capital)
Entrepreneurs
Factor 1 - LAND

Land provides raw

materials, water
power, and a place to
build factories and
mega farms.
Factor 2 - Labor

Labor = the people that do

the work.
Factor 3 Wealth/Capital
The money necessary to provide
wages for workers, materials,
and machinery to run factories.
Factor 4 Entrepreneur(s)
The people that provide money
(capital) to businesses who then
use that money to buy materials,
supplies, and equipment.
NOW LETS BUILD A
FACTORY!