Divide and conquer

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 Divide and Conquer(DandC)

Dand C is a top-down technique for

designing algorithms .
Breaking or divide:-the problem into
several sub-problems that are similar to
the original problem but smaller in size.
Conquer: -Recursively solving these
sub problems.
Combine: -These solutions to sub
problems to create a solution to the
original problem.
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 Algorithm

Algorithm DandC (P)

{
If Small(P) then return S(P);
else
{
Divide P into smaller instance p1,p2..pk ,k>1;
Apply DandC to each of these sub problem;
return Combine(DandC(P1),(DandC(P2),..DandC(Pk));
}
}

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 Recursive Binary Search
Algorithm BinSrch (a,i,l,x)
{
If(l=i) then
{ if(x=a[i]) then return i;
else return 0;
}

else
{ mid:= (i+l)/2;
if (x=a[mid]) then return mid;
else if (x<a[mid]) then
return BinSrch(a,i,mid-1,x);
else return BinSrch(a,mid+1,l,x);
}
}
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 Iterative Binary Search
Algorithm BinSearch(a,n,x)
{
low:=1;high:=n;
while(low<high) do
{
mid:=(low+high)/2;
if(x<a[mid]) then high:=mid-1;
else if (x>a[mid]) then low:=mid+1;
else return mid;
}
return 0;
}
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 Example
Let us select the 14 entries

-15,-6,0,7,9,23,54,82,101,112,125,131,142,151

Place them in [a:14].

Find x=151
low high mid
1 14 7
8 14 11
12 14 13
14 14 14
found
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 Example
Let us select the 14 entries

-15,-6,0,7,9,23,54,82,101,112,125,131,142,151

Place them in [a:14].

Find x=-14
low high mid
1 14 7
1 6 3
1 2 1
2 2 2
2 1 not found

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 Example
Let us select the 14 entries

-15,-6,0,7,9,23,54,82,101,112,125,131,142,151

Place them in [a:14].

Find x=9
low high mid
1 14 7
1 6 3
4 6 5
found
Successful search unsuccessful search
(1), (log n), (log n) (log n)
Best, average, worst Best, average, worst

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 Reference

Fundamental of Computer Algorithms ,2nd Edition, Sartaj

Sahni, Ellis Horowitz, Sanguthevar Rajasekaran, Chapter
No.3 page no.145-152.

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 Thanks

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