HENRY DZ ACADEMMY CARBON Carbon belongs to the group IV of the periodic table. It has four electrons in its outermost orbit, so its valency is four. Carbon is a non-metal. Compounds of Carbon are Widely Distributed in Nature The number of carbon compounds is larger than that of all other elements put together. Why so many Carbon Compounds in nature? Because carbon is chemically unique.
Only carbon atoms
have the ability to combine with themselves to form long chains Carbon- Long Chains
A long chain, in turn, provides a
convenient backbone of atoms to which other atoms can attach themselves in a variety of ways Allotropes of Carbon
In nature, pure carbon occur in two forms-
Diamond Graphite What are Allotropes ?
Allotropes are elements which are
chemically identical, but they differ markedly in their physical properties.
Diamond and Graphite two allotropes of
carbon differ in their physical properties. Physical Properties of Diamond and Graphite Property Diamond Graphite Appearance Transparent Black, Shiny
Hardness Very Hard Soft, slippery to
touch Thermal Very poor moderate Conductivity Electrical Poor Good conductor Conductivity Density(kg/m3) 3510 2250
Uses Jewellery, drilling Dry cell, electric
arc, lubricant, pencil lead How Diamond and Graphite are chemically identical? These results of thes experiments answer this question:
On heating diamond or graphite in the air, they burn
completely to form carbon dioxide.
Equal quantities of diamond and graphite when burned,
produce exactly the same amount of carbon dioxide. Why the physical properties of diamond and graphite are so different? Due to the difference in the arrangement of carbon atoms in diamond and graphite Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons are compounds of carbon
and hydrogen. The natural source of hydrocarbons is petroleum (crude oil) The Simplest Hydrocarbon Methane CH4 A molecule of methane has four hydrogen atoms linked to one central atom of carbon. S a t H u r y a d A t e r l d o k c a n a e r s b o n s Alkanes
The hydrocarbons methane, ethane
propane and butane form a series of carbon compounds known as alkanes
The alkane series can be represented by
the general formula Isomerism Compounds having the same molecular formulae but different structural arrangement of atoms in them are known as isomers, and the phenomenon is known as isomerism Isomers of Butane Obtained by rearranging the carbon and the hydrogen atoms Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain a double or triple bond between two carbon atoms. The one with double bond are called alkenes Alkenes Alkynes Unsaturated hydrocarbons which contain triple bond between two carbon atoms.