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Flocculation Storage
Sedimentation Distribution
sludge
Water Treatment Plants 10
Screening
Removes large solids
logs
branches
rags
fish
Simple process
may incorporate a mechanized trash removal system
Protects pumps and pipes in Water Treatment
Plants
Aeration
Flocculation
Coagulation
Raw water
Chlorination
Enough chlorine is added so that
some remains to go out in the
water distribution system,
protecting the public once the
water leaves the plant
surface water
Disinfectants
Water Treatment Plants 32
Sources of Drinking Water in
Rawalpindi
Two main sources of water in Rawalpindi.
Groundwater
Groundwater with Tube wells
located throughout the city
290 tube wells in WASA controlled area
supplying approximately 28 MGD water to the residents
of Rawalpindi.
Surface water in the form of lakes
Surface water is supplied from Khanpur Dam (14.6 MGD)
through Sangjani Water Treatment Plant
Rawal Lake through Rawal Lake Water Filtration Plant (23
MGD).
Water Treatment Plants 33
Ground- vs. Surface Water
Groundwater Surface water
constant composition variable composition
high mineral content low mineral content
low turbidity high turbidity
low color colored
low or no D.O. D.O. present
high hardness low hardness
high Fe, Mn taste and odor
Aeration
2 Blowers. Air flow @ 6 m3/min.
remove taste and odor problems from incoming raw water
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) level of water is enhanced by this process
Coagulation
2 geared drives
shaft mounted mixers for alum mixing
coagulant delivery pipes
alum is added and rapidly mixed with water
remove suspended particles in the form of turbidity
Water Treatment Plants 37
Components
Flocculation
Clarifier # 1 to 3
3 Mechanical Flocculation mounted on a central rotating full
bridge with sludge scraper rotating bridge
Clarifier Area = 475 m2
Up flow velocity = 2.55 m/hr.
Total flow = 336 L/s
Clarifier # 4
4 flat bottom clarifiers Hydraulic flocculators (Vertical baffles)
16 sludge concentrator Cones
Clarifier Area = 4 x 190 = 760 m2
Up flow velocity = 2.2 m/hr.
Total flow = 475 L/ s
Coagulant is mixed through vertical baffling arrangements
Filtration
removal of suspended non settleable solids from the drinking water
supernatant water after sedimentation
passed through a 1.4 meter column of silica sand
effective size of 0.95mm ( 10 %)
filtration rate of 5.4 m/hr. (average)-6.5 m/hr (Max)(110-130 glns/ft2. /hr.)
Filter Backwashing
Conventional backwashing system includes
Compressed air
Air and Water
Water
Approximate time 12 to 20 minutes
Aeration
Flocculation
Coagulation
Raw water
Bari Imam
Q.A. Malpur
Chatter Park
University Village
Diplomatic
Enclave
Kurrang
River
Bani Gala
Village
Lakhwal
Village
Filtration Plant
WASA
WASA WASA
WASA
WASA
Water Treatment Plants 60
Circular and Rectangular Clarifiers
Rectangular Circular
Clarifier Clarifier
Filtration Media
WASA
WASA WASA
WASA
Water Treatment Plants 63
Lime Dosing System
WASA
Water Treatment Plants 64
Safe Drinking Water
How can you ensure
that your drinking
water is safe?
a) Boiling
b) Storing it safely
c) Drinking water from
safe sources
d) All of above