Done By

Deborah Susan Pavithra.G

3rd Sem,HSC
 Typhoid fever usually is caused by Salmonellae typhi bacteria.

Typhoid fever is contracted by the ingestion of contaminated food

or water.

Diagnosis of typhoid fever is made when the Salmonella bacteria is

detected with a stool culture.

Typhoid fever is treated with antibiotics.

Typhoid fever symptoms are poor appetite, headaches, generalized

aches and pains, fever, and lethargy.

Approximately 3%-5% of patients become carriers of the bacteria

after the acute illness.
Typhoid fever is an acute illness associated with fever that
is most often caused by the Salmonella typhi bacteria.

It can also be caused by Salmonella paratyphi, a related

bacterium that usually leads to a less severe illness.

The bacteria are deposited in water or food by a human

carrier and are then spread to other people in the area.
 Typhoid fever is contracted by the ingestion of the bacteria in
contaminated food or water.

Patients with acute illness can contaminate the surrounding water supply
through stool, which contains a high concentration of the bacteria.

Contamination of the water supply can, in turn, taint the food supply. About
3%-5% of patients become carriers of the bacteria after the acute illness.

These patients can become long-term carriers of the bacteria. The

bacteria multiplies in the gallbladder, bile ducts, or liver and passes into the
bowel.

The bacteria can survive for weeks in water or dried sewage. These chronic
carriers may have no symptoms and can be the source of new outbreaks of
typhoid fever for many.
 After the ingestion of contaminated food or water,
the Salmonella bacteria invade the small intestine and enter
the bloodstream temporarily.

The bacteria are carried by white blood cells in the liver,

spleen, and bone marrow.

The bacteria then multiply in the cells of these organs and

re-enter the bloodstream.

Patients develop symptoms, including fever, when the

organism re-enters the bloodstream.

Bacteria invade the gallbladder, biliary system, and the

lymphatic tissue of the bowel.
 poor appetite
abdominal pain
headaches
generalized aches and pains
fever, often up to 104 F
lethargy (usually only if untreated)
intestinal bleeding or perforation (after two to
three weeks of the disease
diarrhea or constipation.
 Typhoid fever is treated with antibiotics that kill
the Salmonella bacteria.

Death occurred from overwhelming

infection, pneumonia, intestinal bleeding, or intestinal
perforation.

With antibiotics and supportive care, mortality has

been reduced to 1%-2%.

Several antibiotics are effective for the treatment of

typhoid fever.
 Blood test

Bone marrow test

Stool culture test

Widal Test
 Chloramphenicol
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
Ceftriaxone (Rocephin),
Ampicillin (Omnipen, Polycillin, Principen
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole(Bactrim,
Septra)
 For those traveling to high-risk areas, vaccines
are now available.
There are two forms of the vaccine available an
oral and an inject able form.
The oral vaccine is contraindicated in patients
with depressed immune systems.
 High Fiber Foods Should Be Avoided

Spicy Foods not to be taken

Highly flavored foods are to be avoided

Deep fried foods are to be avoided

Aerated drinks, tea, coffee to be avoided.

 The Case Study Of My Patient Showed that He
Had Typhoid.
It Was Proved Through Widal Test And Blood
test.
His Symptoms were fever (104F),chills, body
aches, cough.
His BP, Sugar Levels Were Normal.
He was asked to be on diet of food with less
salt and less fiber and totally avoid spicy foods.
He Was Advised to take complete rest.
Thank You