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    Ihuhwa Marta Tau
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    amp stages.pptx

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    3 views10 pages

    Amp Stages

    Uploaded by

    Ihuhwa Marta Tau

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 10
    BJT Amplifiers 6-1:Amplifier Operation: The biasing of a transistor is purely a de operation to establish a Q-point about which variations in current and voltage can occur in response to an ac input signal v AC Quantities @ ac and de quantities are usually represented by capital letters with a change in the subscripts “ = de quantities: capital non-italic subscripts like Ig, Jo, Tg, Vo. Ves Vege mac quantities: small italic subscripts, for example, J, I,, I,, V., and V,, ac quantities may be represented in rms, average, peak, peak to peak. rms values will be used unless otherwise stated. 6 @ ac instantaneous quantities are represented by small letters with Lowercase small italic subscripts like i,, i,, i;, v,. and v,, @ Resistance is also identified with a small letter of small subscript when analyzed from an ac standpoint. Representation of V, instantaneous 6-1:Amplifier Operation: The linear amplifier @ A linear amplifier provides amplification of a signal without any distortion > output signal is an exact amplified replica of the input signal. Wee ac source of internal - resistance R, coupled Myo a ae k to the base through Cc, ‘ + Load resistance + I The coupling capacitors block de: and thus R, coupled to prevent R, and R, from changing the de bias the collector voltages at the base and collector. through C, @ For the amplifier shown, notice that the voltage waveform is inverted between the input V,and output /,, but has the same shape. 6-1:Amplifier Operation: AC Load Line Operation of the linear amplifier can be illustrated using an ac load line as shown. @ The ac load line is different than the de load line because a capacitor looks open to de but effectively acts as a short to ac > the collector resistor R, appears to be in parallel with the load resistor R,. 6-2: Transistor AC Models: @ A transistor in an amplifier circuit can be represent by a model circuit. The transistor model circuit based on various internal transistor resistance parameters r that can represent its operation. IN Five resistance parameters (r-parameters) can be used for detailed analysis of a BIT circuit. For most analysis work, the simplified r-parameters give good results. r parameters. a SCRIPTIO Cae ac alpha (Io/.) Bac ac beta (Ie/ tp) ra ac emitter resistance ac base resistance te ac collector resistance 6-2: Transistor AC Models: r-Parameter Transistor Model Gacle =Bacly |e Bacto (a) Generalized r-parameter (b) Simplified r parameter model for a BIT model fora BIT Hence for simplified r-parameter, we have 3E mv only ré, to be used. 1% can be derived (=P) at20ec assuming an abrupt p-n junctions > E 6-3: The Common-Emitter Amplifier In the common-emitter (CE) amplifier, the input signal is applied to the base and the inverted output is taken from the collector. The emitter or ground is common to ac signals (V,, and V,,,) as shown. CE amplifiers has high voltage gain and high current gain. wav - 8.20 Vp Var Boc= 150, Bye = 160 \ zn A common-emitter amplifier with voltage-divider bias and coupling capacitors C, and C; on the input and output and a bypass capacitor, C,, from emitter to ground. Output voltage has a 180° phase differeace from input voltage. 6-4: The Common-collector Amplifier @ The common-collector (CC) amplifier is usually referred to as an emitter-follower (EF). The input is applied to the base through a coupling capacitor, and the output is at the emitter (no phase change between input and output). The voltage gain of a CC amplifier is approximately 1, and its main advantages are its high input resistance and current gain. The high input resistance is very useful to minimize the loading effect specially when circuit is driving a low-resistance load> CC amplifier is used as a Buffer. 6-4: The Common-Base Amplifier @ The common-base (CB) amplifier provides high voltage gain with a maximum current gain of 1. Since it has a low input resistance. A typical common-base amplifier is shown in figure below. The base is the common terminal and is at ac ground because of capacitor C,. The input signal is capacitively coupled to the emitter. The output is capacitively coupled from the collector to a load resistor. Nec v —

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