PLANNING

Introduction
Steps

Types

Barriers
Introduction

Planning is a search process that requires to find

an efficient sequence of actions that transform a
system from a given starting state to the goal
state
Planning is the starting point of the management
process
Predetermines what the business proposes to
accomplish and how it intends realizing its goals
It simply means deciding in advance
Process/Steps in Planning

Planning may be seen as the identification

and formulation of the objectives of a
business (Goal Setting)
Determining Planning Premises
Analyzing the data (Identifying
Alternatives)
Evaluation & Selection
Implementation & Review
Types of Planning
Planning can be of different types on the basis of:
1. Coverage of Activities
2. Importance of Contents
3. Time period involved
4. Approach adopted
5. Degree of Formalization
On the Basis of Coverage of Activities

Corporate

Functional
On the Basis of Importance

Strategic

Operational
On the Basis of Time Period

Long-term

Short-term
On the Basis of Approach

Proactive

Reactive
On the Basis of Degree of
Formalization

Formal

Informal
Barriers to Planning

Difficulty of Accurate Premising

Rapid Change
Internal Inflexibilities
External Inflexibilities
Time and Cost Factors
Failure of People
 Advantages of Planning

Proper Planning accomplishes:

1. Managing Uncertainty

2. Better Focus

3. Improves Coordination

4. Basis for Control

5. Improves Effectiveness
How to make planning effective?

Linked to Long term objectives

Consistency
Everyone participates
Feasible
Flexible
Simple
Top Management Support
THANK YOU