Professional Documents
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Methods:
- Standard
- Tentative
Container
Pyrex
Hard rubber
Plastic
Other inert materials
Rinse glass bottles
mg/L
mg/L when conc < 0.1 mg/L
10,000 mg/L ---- 1 % if specific
gravity=1
ppm by weight = (mg/L)/sp.gr
sp.gr must be stated
Rounding off
6, 7, 8, 9 round up
0, 1, 2, 3, 4
round down
0,5 round off to nearest even
number
2.25 ==== 2.2
2.35 ==== 2.4
56x0.003462x43.22:1.684 = 4.975740996
= 5.0
Quality control in chemical
analysis
-2s LWL
-3s LCL
Collection and preservation of
samples
Take care to obtain a sample that is truly
representative of existing condition and to
handle it in such way that it does not
deteriorate or become contaminated before
it reaches the laboratory.
Make a record of every sample collected,
and identify every bottle, preferably by
attaching an appropriate inscribed tag or
label. Date, hour, exact location,
temperature, water level, stream flow
Types of samples
Grab or catch samples: a sample collected at
particular time and place can represent only the
composition of the source at that time and place.
Composite samples: mixture of grab samples
collected at the same sampling point at different
times.
Integrated samples: for certain purposes, the
information needed is provided best by analysis of
mixtures of grab samples collected from different
points simultaneously, or as nearly as possible.
Summary of special sampling or sample handling
requirement
Determination container Minimum sample Storage and/or preservation
size, mL
Acidity P,G(B) 100 24 hr, refrigerate
Alkalinity P,G(B) 200 24 hr, refrigerate
BOD P,G 1000 6 hr, refrigerate
Boron P 100 -
Carbon, G(Brown) 100 Analyze as soon as possible,
organic, total refrigerate or add HCl to pH 2
Color G 500 -
Metals P,G - For dissolved metals separate by
filtration immediately, add 5 mL
conc HNO3
Nitrogen, ammonia P,G 500
Analyze as soon as possible, 0.8
mL add conc.H2SO4, refrigerate
Odor G 500 Analyze as soon as possible,
refrigerate
Sulfate P,G - refrigerate
Taste G 500 Analyze as soon as possible,
refrigerate
Ion exchange resin in water
analysis
Color
Electrical conductivity
Turbidity
Calcium carbonate saturation
Appearance
Odor
taste
Calcium carbonate:
- saturation: + (scale forming)
Conductivity:
- Fresh distilled water: 0.5-2 mmhos/cm