CHANDIGARH

TOWN PLANNING
ABOUT CHANDIGARH

CHANDIGARH, DERIVES ITS NAME FROM A TEMPLE CHANDI

MANDIR IN THE VICINITY OF THE SITE SELECTED FOR
THE CITY (DEITY CHANDI, GODDESS OF POWER), AND A
FORT OR GARH" BEYOND THE TEMPLE, CALLED
CHANDIGARH -THE CITY BEAUTIFUL..

CHANDIGARH, THE DREAM CITY WAS PLANNED BY THE

FAMOUS FRENCH ARCHITECT LE CORBUSIER., IT IS
KNOWN AS ONE OF THE BEST EXPERIMENTS IN URBAN
PLANNING AND MODERN ARCHITECTURE IN THE
TWENTIETH CENTURY IN INDIA.

THE CITY WAS CONCEIVED NOT ONLY TO SERVE AS THE

CAPITAL OF EAST PUNJAB, BUT ALSO TO RESETTLE
THOUSANDS OF REFUGEES WHO HAD BEEN UPROOTED FROM 2

WEST PUNJAB.
Historical
Circumstances for need
of Chandigarh
DUE TO PARTITION
EAST PUNJAB IN INDIA BECAME A STATE WITHOUT A
CAPITAL
THE GOVERNMENT OF PUNJAB SELECTED BRILLIANT
YOUNG ENGINEER MR. P.L. VERMA TO UNDERTAKE THE
TASKS OF SEARCH FOR A PREMANENT CAPITAL CITY
FOR THE STATE OF PUNJAB
THE CONCEPT OF A LARGER INDEPENDENT TOWN,
ENORMOUS POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT PRESSURE

NEED FOR SMALL HOUSES

SEPARATE LAND-USE PATTERN
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHANGES
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LOCATION

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Geology

THE UNION TERRITORY OF CHANDIGARH IS LOCATED IN THE

FOOTHILLS OF THE SHIVALIK HILL RANGES IN THE NORTH,
WHICH FORM A PART OF THE FRAGILE HIMALAYAN ECOSYSTEM.

IT IS OCCUPIED BY KANDI (BHABHAR) IN THE NORTH EAST AND

SIROWAL (TARAI) AND ALLUVIAL PLAINS IN THE REMAINING
PART. THE SUBSURFACE FORMATION COMPRISES OF BEDS OF
BOULDERS, PEBBLES, GRAVEL, SAND, SILT, CLAYS AND SOME
KANKAR.

THE AREA IS DRAINED BY TWO SEASONAL RIVULETS VIZ. SUKHNA

CHOE IN THE EAST AND PATIALA-KI-RAO CHOE IN THE WEST.

THE CENTRAL PART FORMS A SURFACE WATER DIVIDE AND HAS

TWO MINOR STREAMS. THE STREAM PASSING THROUGH THE
CENTRAL PART IS CALLED N-CHOE AND THE OTHER IS CHOE NALA
WHICH INITIATES AT SECTOR 29. 5
THE BASIC GEOGRAPHICAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF CHANDIGARH IS AS
UNDER:

AREA 114 SQ KMS

LONGITUDE 760 47' 14E

LATITUDE 300 44' 14N

ALTITUDE 304-365 METERS ABOVE MSL WITH 1%

DRAINAGE GRADIENT

ANNUAL RAINFALL (AVERAGE) 1110.7 MM

MONSOON JULY-SEPTEMBER

TEMPERATURE

WINTER MIN. (NOV.-JAN, 2006) 10 C-160 C

SUMMER MAX . (APRIL-JULY, 2004) 270C-440C

TOTAL POPULATION (2001 CENSUS) 9,00,635

(RURAL POPULATION-92120 (10.2%)

(URBAN POPULATION-808515 (89.8%)

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DENSITY OF POPULATION/SQ. KM. 7,900
7
FIRST MASTER PLAN OF
CHANDIGARH
SECOND MASTER PLAN OF
CHANDIGARH
CHANDIGARH PERIPHERY BEFORE 1966
Chandigarh Periphery-After
1966
CHANDIGARH MASTER PLAN 2031

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IDEA OF LE CORBUSIER
The city of Chandigarh is planned to
human scale.
Headcapitol (place of power)
Heart the city centre
Stomachthe commercial area
Armsuniversity and Industrial zone
Lungsleisure valley ,open spaces
Arteriesnetwork of roads

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LE CORBUSIER LETTER - 1957
16
EXISTING LAND USE
VACANT POCKETS AND AGRICULTURAL AREA
PHASE I , II & III OF CHANDIGARH

PHASE 1

PHASE 2

PHASE 3
 PHASE
PHASE11

PHASE
PHASE22

PHASE 3

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PHASES, CATERING TO A TOTAL POPULATION OF HALF A MILLION.
PHASE-I CONSISTING OF 30 LOW DENSITY SECTOR SPREAD OVER AN
AREA OF 9000 ACRES (SECTOR 1 TO 30) FOR 1,50,000 PEOPLE
WHEREAS PHASE-II CONSISTING OF 17 CONSIDERABLY HIGH
DENSITY SECTORS ( SECTORS 31 TO 47) SPREAD OVER AN AREA OF
6000 ACRES FOR A POPULATION OF 3,50,000.

LE CORBUSIER CONCEIVED THE MASTER PLAN OF CHANDIGARH AS

ANALOGOUS TO HUMAN BODY, WITH A CLEARLY DEFINED
HEAD (THE CAPITOL COMPLEX, SECTOR 1),
HEART (THE CITY CENTRE SECTOR-17),
LUNGS ( THE LEISURE VALLEY, INNUMERABLE OPEN SPACES AND
SECTOR GREENS),
THE INTELLECT (THE CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTIONS),
THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM (THE NETWORK OF ROADS, THE 7VS)
AND
THE VISCERA (THE INDUSTRIAL AREA).

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 GROWTH OF TOWN
GROWTH OF TOWN IS PLANNED GROWTH.

THE CITY PLAN IS LAID DOWN IN A GRID PATTERN. DIVIDED INTO

IDENTICAL LOOKING SECTORS,

THE ORIGINAL TWO PHASES OF THE PLAN DELINEATED SECTORS FROM 1

TO 47, WITH THE EXCEPTION OF 13.

THE CITY WAS TO BE SURROUNDED BY A 16 KILOMETER WIDE GREENBELT

TO ENSURE THAT NO DEVELOPMENT COULD TAKE PLACE IN THE
IMMEDIATE VICINITY OF THE TOWN

PHASE-I CONSISTING OF 30 LOW DENSITY SECTOR SPREAD OVER AN

AREA OF 9000 ACRES (SECTOR 1 TO 30) FOR 1,50,000 PEOPLE

PHASE-II CONSISTING OF 17 CONSIDERABLY HIGH DENSITY SECTORS (

SECTORS 31 TO 47) SPREAD OVER AN AREA OF 6000 ACRES FOR A
POPULATION OF 3,50,000.

HENCE, DEVELOPMENT IN THE THIRD PHASE HAS STARTED IN SECTORS 48

AND BEYOND.

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PLANNING PRINCIPLES
SECTOR- THE BASIS PLANNING UNIT

THE PRIMARY MODULE OF CITYS DESIGN IS A SECTOR, HAVING UNIT OF SIZE

800 METERS X 1200 METERS.

IT IS A SELF-SUFFICIENT UNIT HAVING SHOPS, SCHOOL, HEALTH CENTERS AND

PLACES OF RECREATIONS AND WORSHIP.

THE POPULATION OF A SECTOR VARIES BETWEEN 3000 AND 20000 DEPENDING

UPON THE SIZES OF PLOTS AND THE TOPOGRAPHY OF THE AREA.

THE SHOPS ARE LOCATED ALONG THE V4 STREET (SHOPPING STREET), WHICH
RUNS NORTH-WEST TO SOUTH-EAST ACROSS THE SECTOR.

EVERY SECTOR PERMITS ONLY 4 VEHICULAR ENTRIES INTO ITS INTERIOR.THE

SHOPPING STREET OF EACH SECTOR IS LINKED TO THE SHOPPING STREET OF
THE ADJOINING SECTORS

THE CENTRAL GREEN OF EACH SECTOR ALSO STRETCHES TO THE GREEN OF

THE NEXT SECTOR

EACH SECTOR IS ( MILE X MILE) 800 METERS X 1200 METERS ENCLOSED BY

ROADS ALLOCATED TO FAST MECHANIZED TRANSPORT AND SEALED TO DIRECT
ACCESS FROM THE HOUSES.
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EACH SECTOR CATERS FOR THE DAILY NEEDS OF ITS INHABITANTS WHICH
VARY FROM 5000 TO 25000
 FOUR JUNCTION

V 5 ROAD
FORMING A
LOOP

V4 DIVIDING THE
SECTOR

SCHOOL

WORSHIP AREA

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HEALTH CENTRE
RESIDENTIAL
 CIRCULATION
ONE UNIQUE FEATURE IN THE LAYOUT OF CHANDIGARH IS ITS
ROADS, ACCORDANCE WITH THEIR FUNCTIONS. AN INTEGRATED
SYSTEM OF SEVEN ROADS WAS DESIGNED TO ENSURE EFFICIENT
TRAFFIC CIRCULATION.

CORBUSIER REFERRED TO THESE AS THE 7'VS.

THIS ARRANGEMENT OF ROAD-USE LEADS TO A REMARKABLE

HIERARCHY OF MOVEMENT, WHICH ALSO ENSURES THAT THE
RESIDENTIAL AREAS ARE SEGREGATED FROM THE NOISE AND
POLLUTION OF TRAFFIC.

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 THE 7VS ESTABLISHES A HIERARCHY OF TRAFFIC CIRCULATION RANGING FROM :
ARTERIAL ROADS (V1),
MAJOR BOULEVARDS (V2)
SECTOR DEFINERS (V3),
SHOPPING STREETS (V4),
NEIGHBORHOOD STREETS (V5),
ACCESS LANES (V6)
PEDESTRIAN PATHS AND CYCLE TRACKS (V7S AND V8S).

TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE DIRECTION OF SUN, THE HORIZONTAL V3 ROAD (EAST-WEST) HAVE
TREES WITH LIGHT FOLIAGE

THOSE ALONG VERTICAL V3 ROADS (NORTH-SOUTH) HAVE THICK CROWN TREES.

TREE SELECTION IS BASED ON NATURE OF ROADS, AESTHETIC AND ARCHITECTURAL

CONSIDERATION. V2 AND V3 DRIVES SUPPORTING FAST TRAFFIC HAVE TREES OF LIGHT
FOLIAGE

WHILE V4 AND V5 DRIVES OF THE MARKET AND WITHIN SECTORS, BEARING SLOW AND LIGHT
TRAFFIC, HAVE TREES FOR SHADE AND SHELTER. TREES, WHICH PROVIDE SHADE AND ARE
ALSO BEAUTIFUL, HAVE BEEN SELECTED. TREES WITH A REGULAR SHAPE SUCH AS
CYPRESSES, LOMBARDY POPLAR, ASOKA, AND CHORISIA ARE SUITABLE FOR FORMAL 26
PLANTING SCHEMES. ON INTERIOR ROADS WHERE THE SHAPE OF THE CROWN IS NOT SO
IMPORTANT, TREES WITH BEAUTIFUL FLOWERS AND FOLIAGE SUCH AS KACHNAR, JACARANDA,
 THE 7VS ESTABLISHES A HIERARCHY OF TRAFFIC CIRCULATION RANGING FROM :
ARTERIAL ROADS (V1),
MAJOR BOULEVARDS (V2)
SECTOR DEFINERS (V3),
SHOPPING STREETS (V4),
NEIGHBORHOOD STREETS (V5),
ACCESS LANES (V6)
PEDESTRIAN PATHS AND CYCLE TRACKS (V7S AND V8S).

TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE DIRECTION OF SUN, THE HORIZONTAL V3 ROAD (EAST-
WEST) HAVE TREES WITH LIGHT FOLIAGE

THOSE ALONG VERTICAL V3 ROADS (NORTH-SOUTH) HAVE THICK CROWN TREES.

TREE SELECTION IS BASED ON NATURE OF ROADS, AESTHETIC AND

ARCHITECTURAL CONSIDERATION. V2 AND V3 DRIVES SUPPORTING FAST TRAFFIC
HAVE TREES OF LIGHT FOLIAGE

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 ROUTES TO THE CITY
ARE MARKED AS
PURV
UTTAR
DAKSHIN
ARTERIAL ROUTES
ARE
UDYAN PATH
MAYA MARG
CENTRAL DIVIDING
LANES
MADHYA
MARG

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ROAD NETWORK

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HOUSING
The residential buildings were governed by a

mechanism known as 'frame control' created by

the municipal administration to control their

facades. This fixed the

building line and height and the use of building

materials. Certain standard sizes of doors and

windows are specified and all the gates and

boundary walls must conform to standard design.

The idea was to ensure that the view from the

street, which belonged to the community, was of

same visual order and discipline to maintain

uniformity.
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HOUSING

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COMMERCIAL
All buildings located in the City Centre
and commercial or institutional
buildings located along V-2 roads were
subjected to controls.
The system of the City Centre was based
on a grid of columns. fixed 5.26 meters
shuttering pattern on concrete and a
system of glazing or screen walls behind
the line of columns.
The interior planning was left to the
owners. and in the exterior, certain
variations are permitted to give variety
to the architectural composition.
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COMMERCIAL

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BOARDS & CORPORATIONS
CHANDIGARH HOUSING BOARD
CITCO
MUNICIPAL CORPORATION
PUDA
HUDA
IMPROVEMENT TRUST

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PROBLEMS

With the development of the city, it is

also
confronting some problems because
population
increased in city due to high rate of
migration to
cities and due to that :
Water supply demand is increased
Sanitation problem occurs
And slum development started
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