Study on the Stability of Tunnel by Adjacent

Foundation Excavation and Jointed Fractured Rock

The Development of
the Metro in CHINA
Jointed fracture rock
The rock mass undergoes a variety of complex
geological tectonic processes during the initial
formation and subsequent development of the
millions of years, so there are a lot of faults, joints
and cracks in the rock mass. These various types
of structural planes are the weak surfaces in the
rock mass
 BACKGROUND

Adjacent Foundation Excavation

The Stability of tunnel

in the condition of
SOIL/ROCK

Jointed Fractured rock

 Method

Numerical Analysis
Theoretical Analysis
Use numerical simulation
Master the basic destruction of rock software(MIDAS&PHASE2) to
& soil and the calculation method; simulate and analyze the related
choose the suitable damage criteria, problems.
judge the parameters which play a Combining the results with the
guiding role during the construction
theoretical analysis and field data to
modify the parameters of the model

In-situ monitoring data

Verify the validity of the numerical simulation results
 1
PART ONE

Deep Foundation Pit Engineering of Central

Plaza in Shenyang/Phase2&SPSS

The Choice of Support Method The Factors Influencing the Stability of

Tunnel
Sensitivity Analysis of the Three Main
factors
 This paper takes Shenyang Zhonghuan Square Nanhua
PROJECT Project as an engineering example. The project is a deep
foundation pit engineering, designing excavation depth of
17m. The shape of the pit is trapezoidal, roughly along the east
to west, the widest point of 70m.

The buried depth of Subway tunnel is 13m, pit side of

the subway near the nearest spot is about 8.5m

Project
Overview
 DOUBLE ROW PILE SUPPORT MODEL

Model

Two-Dimensional Model

Soil-Constitutive: M-C Deformation control requirements:

Foundation pit and rear surface
Step-by-step excavation The max settlement of the Ground is no more than 0.1 % of the derpth of the excavation

The tunnel
The horizontal displacement of the subway structure and the amount of soil displacement
within the range of 3m are less than 5mm
 DOUBLE ROW PILE SUPPORT MODEL

Result

Deformation
nephogram of
foundation pit and
surrounding soil
After the excavation of
the Pit
 DOUBLE ROW PILE SUPPORT MODEL

Result

The maximum shear

strain of the soil around
DOUBLE ROW PILE SUPPORT MODEL

Result

(m)
0

Surface subsidence
0 5 10 15 20 25

[mm]
-10
at the rear of the
foundation pit -20

-30

-40
THE SEDIMENT IS TOO LARGE

Double row Personal safety

pile support Affect urban traffic
Affect the progress of the project
Bolt double row pile support

Model
2

2-DIMEN


M-C

m kN mm m m m m

STEP-BY-STEP 1 0.9 425 150 19 11 8 15 1.8

EXCAVATION 2 2.9 425 150 18 10 8 13 1.8

3 14.4 285 150 20 13 7 25 1.8



Result
contrast

Deformation of
foundation pit and
surrounding soil
 Bolt double row pile support

Result
contrast

The maximum shear

strain of the soil around
the Tunnel
Bolt double row pile support

Result
contrast

(m)
0
Surface subsidence 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
at the rear of the

[mm]
-0.5

foundation pit -1

-1.5

-2
Bolt double row pile support

Front row pile

-552,709&
Result -400kN.m
To avoid the pile body
contrast bending moment is
too large lead to
damage, and then
cause the foundation
pit instability

Bending moment
of the Piles

Back row of piles

-580,468 & -400kN.m
 The Influence of Various Factors on the impact of the tunnel
Purpose:
From the comprehensive tests to select some representative points to test

According to the structural characteristics of excavation and

Orthogonal
experience of engineering experiencechoose the Three factorsDepth
of excavation Horizontal distance between foundation pit and
test/SPSS tunnelThe space between pilesThree levels of three factors
3^3=27 33=9

/m /m /m
1 17 4.75 8
Form an orthogonal 2 9.5 3.5 12

table 3 17 2.35 12
4 9.5 4.75 10
5 13 4.75 12
Numerical simulate 6 17 3.5 10
7 13 3.5 8
Analysis of the 8 13 2.35 10

result 9 9.5 2.35 8

The Influence of Various Factors on the impact of the tunnel

Orthogonal
/m

/m
/m

(mm)

(mm)

test/SPSS 17
9.5
4.75
3.5
8
12
1
2
3.83
0.952
1.88
0.4
17 2.35 12 3 3.32 1.567
9.5 4.75 10 4 2.243 0.31
13 4.75 12 5 1.8104 0.681
17 3.5 10 6 3.65 1.72
Form an orthogonal 13 3.5 8 7 2.06 0.7
table 13 2.35 10 8 1.997 0.76
9.5 2.35 8 9 0.96 0.39
Numerical simulate

Analysis of the
result
The Influence of Various Factors on the impact of the tunnel

This paper considers the influence of various factors including F value,

Range and Statistical significance by SPSS software

Orthogonal
III
Df

F

test/SPSS

7.935 2 3.968 31.226 0.031

0.469 2 0.234 1.845 0.351

0.549 2 0.274 2.159 0.317

0.254 2 0.127
Form an orthogonal 57.382 9
table a. R = .996 R = .980

Numerical simulate The order of sensitivity of the factors to the horizontal settlement of the tunnel:
DepthDistance between the piles and tunnelThe space of the rows
Analysis of the
result
The Influence of Various Factors on the impact of the tunnel
Contrast of different range of the same kind factor

(I) (J) (I-J) b

13 -0.571 0.291 0.189

Orthogonal
9.5
17 -2.215* 0.291 0.017

test/SPSS
9.5 0.571 0.291 0.189
13
17 -1.644* 0.291 0.03
9.5 2.215* 0.291 0.017
17
13 1.644* 0.291 0.03

0
Form an orthogonal -0.5 0
-1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

table -1.5
mm

-2
-2.5
Numerical simulate -3
-3.5
10-4m
24-8m
-4
38-9.62m
-4.5
Analysis of the -5
49.62-13.5m
513.5-17m
result -5.5
-6
The stability of tunnel by adjacent foundation excavation
The finite element software and statistical software are
used to simulate the influence of the excavation on the

stability of the adjacent tunnels. The numerical simulation
and related data were analyzed
the support method of the double row pile is more
effective than the double row pile supporting way to
restrain the deformation and sliding of the soil outside the
foundation pit.
Conclusions
The order of sensitivity of the factors to the horizontal
settlement of the tunnel:DepthDistance
between the
piles and tunnelThe space of the rows.

The influence of various influencing factors in the field are

taken into account in the model. The main influencing
factors are obtained by orthogonal experiment. The main
factors are simulated by using the finite element software
and the related monitoring data.
 2
PART TWO

Effect of Joint Fracture Rock Mass

on Tunnel Stability


03
01
Jointed network finite
Finite element method element method
JFEM
DisadvantageCan not be a good Rock as a binary structure
simulation of the role of joint consisting of rock blocks and
joints
Realization of Jointed
Discrete 02 Network Finite Element
Method in RS2
element There are six different joint
method network models, including
three common models: parallel
Disadvantafe deterministic model, parallel
Calculation time is too statistical model, staggered
long model, and three DFN models
generated by discrete
fracturing network
Deformation of Surrounding Rock after the Excavation of
Tunnel under Different Working Methods

Result

Deformation of
Surrounding Rocks The largest settlement of the model appears on the left side of the vault, with a
sedimentation value of 9 mm
around Tunnel(Full -
section excavation method)
The maximum horizontal convergence value appears in the left side of the arch
down, the convergence value of 14mm
 Deformation of Surrounding Rock after the Excavation of
Tunnel under Different Working Methods

Unloading effect of surrounding rock

Result

Deformation of
Surrounding Rocks
around Tunnel(Full -
section excavation method)
The main stress on the left and right sides of the tunnel surface is the
smallest. That shows the rock near the tunnel unloading
 Deformation of Surrounding Rock after the Excavation of
Tunnel under Different
7
Working Methods
6

Result

[MM]
4

Deformation of 0
Surrounding Rocks 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

around Tunnel(Step- [M]

excavation)
5.9mm
14mm
 Influence of Tunnel Excavation on Surrounding Rock in
Continuous Medium

Analysis
result

The horizontal displacement

of the surrounding rock can
be well controlled by the
relative cross section method
 Influence of Tunnel Excavation on Surrounding Rock in
Continuous Medium
/mm /cm

Analysis
9 0.54

35.7 9.7

result
The main factor that control the deformation of the tunnel
The horizontal displacement of
the surrounding rock can be well in the actual construction of the jointed rock tunnel are the
controlled by the relative cross
section method
strength of the structural plane

The continuous medium Continuous media method can not be a good simulation of
method of surrounding the project contain the fracture rock
rock can not simulate the
actual situation on site
 Tunnel Excavation in Jointed Rock Mass

Model
/including
Joint

2-D JOINT MODEL

ROCK Constitute-M-C
Joint- Barton-Bandis
/MPa.m-1 /MPa.m-1 /JCS /JRC /

Step excavation Barton-Bandis 5000 1000 20 18 25

Considering Effects of
different joint
parameters
 Tunnel Excavation in Jointed Rock Mass
(JRC)

1 5

2 8

3 10

4 12

5 14

6 16

7 18

Model
8 20

Classification of joint roughness /MPa.m-1 /MPa.m-1 /JCS /JRC /

(Eight values) Barton-Bandis 5000 1000 20 18 25

B-B criteria J CS
n tan b J RC lg
n
 Tunnel Excavation in Jointed Rock Mass

Result

Deformation of the Displacement cloud map is not uniform, large displacement

surrounding rock occurs
(Contrast) The value of max settlement is 37.3mm.
The maximum level of convergence is 12cm
Compared with homogeneous rock subsidence growth of
400%, the level of convergence increased by 850%.
 Tunnel Excavation in Jointed Rock Mass

Result

Damage of Surrounding
Rocks around Tunnels
Fracture plane are both formed in two sides of tunnel , the
right side is more obvious
 Tunnel Excavation in Jointed Rock Mass
J
n tan b J RC lg CS
n
n b 30
J RC J CS

Result
8

(cm)
7
6
5 The values of vertical
4 settlement and
3 horizontal
2
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
convergence of the
Deformation Results of JCS
surrounding rock
22 decrease with the
Surrounding Rocks 20 increase of joint

(cm)
with Different Joint 18
roughness
Roughness Parameters 16
14
12
10
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
JCS
 Discussion on the effectiveness of field support

Model

Purpose
the actual site damage
Verify the effectiveness of
field support
Sedimentary Clouds and Jointed Yields of Surrounding
Rock after Tunnel Excavation without Support Condition
 Discussion on the effectiveness of field support

Model

Purpose
the actual site damage
Verify the effectiveness of
field support
 Discussion on the effectiveness of field support

Model

Purpose
the actual site damage /mm /cm
Verify the effectiveness of
30 11.7
field support
35.7 9.7
The stability of tunnel in jointed fractured rock

Based on the actual geological engineering and supporting

conditions of Guan-shan Tunnel, the continuous surrounding
rock media network and the joint network are used to establish
the tunnel section model to explore the influence of the joint
rock mass on the stability of the mountain tunnel

Rock strength levels need to be corrected

Conclusions JEFM is more suitable for simulating the jointed rock
tunnel construction

The maximum vertical settlement of the tunnel is
nonlinearly decreasing with the increase of roughness

It is necessary to pay attention to the deformation of the

left and right side walls when the tunnel located in the
environment with high stress and jointed rock mass
Other work

The Effects of Twin Tunnelling on an

Existing Pile/A series of three-dimensional
centrifuge model tests

Purpose: The effects of twin tunnel construction on

an existing single pile in different ratio C to D

The influence of the relevant parameters of the city

shield tunnel on the settlement of the ground, including
the depth of the tunnel/H, the rigidity of the lining/K,
Simultaneous grouting pressure/Pg, the diameter of the
tunnel/D and face pressure/J By Midas Nx

Purpose: Explore the effects of different factors on

surface subsidence for the case mentioned in Taiyuan
Other work

Tunnel construction in soft surrounding rock

Cosidering the four parameters in H-B criteria

The empirical coefficient of the complete rock mi in the

criterion, the uniaxial compressive strength ci of the
complete rock mass, the geological strength index GSI,
the weakening factor D of the rock mass and the
influence on the vault subsidence and plastic zone