Psikologi Bencana

Learning Resources
Mental Health in Emergencies WHO
Guidelines 2003
Psychological First Aids - Pusat Krisis F.
Psikologi Universitas Indonesia 2009
IASC Guidelines on Mental Health and
Psychosocial Support in Emergency Settings-
2008
 Pokok Bahasan
Survival Instict
Emotional Reaction throughout disaster
Psychological First Aid
Critical Incident Debriefing
Ketika Bencana datang
Apa yang dilakukan oleh 10-15% bertindak cepat
korban bencana? dan tepat
Bagaimana mekanisme 15% ketakutan
kerja otak pada saat itu? 70 % bertindak lambat,
Apa yang diperlukan agar terpana dan bingung
tindakan yang dilakukan Kerja otak melambat
merupakan hal yang Normal : 6-10 detik
tepat?
Darurat : lebih lambat
Bagaimana dengan karena dibombardir
penyintas (survivors)? banyak informasi
Berlatih pada situasi
darurat !!
Fase bencana
 Emotional Reaction
throughout disaster
Emotional reactions will vary and Emotional reactions can vary
may be influenced by: depending upon the phase of the
" Prior experience with the same or event:
similar event Before the event, as concern escalates
" The intensity and length of the and information is made available
event through the media and the
" Pre-incident stressors authorities
" The length of time since the event During the events impact - responding
" Loss of loved ones, housing etc. . . to the immediate effects of the
disaster
Immediately after the events impact
when rescue may be needed
Immediately after the event when an
Disaster psychology preparation inventory is made of losses - personal
in emergency situation and material
Well after the event during recovery
 Emotional Reaction
throughout disaster (2)
Penting Emotional
Reaksi normal dalam situasi yang - Anxiety and/or fear
abnormal - Guilt
1. Stress karena bencana - Grief and/or depression
2. Trauma Psikis - Anger

Physical Cognitive
- Nausea and/or upset stomach - Nightmares
- Dizziness - Confusion and/or disorientation
- Headache - Difficulty concentrating
- Restlessness
- Difficulty sleeping Behavioral
- Avoidance and/or withdrawing
- Emotional outbursts
- Erratic behavior
 Psychological First Aid
PFA merupakan serangkaian keterampilan
perawatan dasar yang bersifat praktis dan
nonintrusive*

TUJUAN:
Mengurangi dampak negatif dari peristiwa
traumatis traumatis
Menguatkan fungsi adaptif jangka pendek dan
jangka panjang penyintas
Memperkuat proses pemulihan penyintas
 ASUMSI DALAM PFA

Orang di sekitar penyintas memiliki

kemampuan melakukan hal sederhana untuk
membuat keadaan penyintas menjadi lebih baik
Tidak semua penyintas membutuhkan
layanan profesional.
Tidak semua penyintas bisa mendapatkan
layanan profesional baik secara individual
maupun kelompok.
Prinsip Dasar PFA
Berikan bantuan sesegera mungkin
langsung pada penyintas.
Sediakan informasi akurat tentang
situasi yang ada, psikoedukasi,
penjelasan ilmiah tentang kejadian
yang ada.
Bersikap jujur, jangan pernah
menjanjikan sesuatu yang tak bisa
kita penuhi.
Sediakan dukungan emosional bagi
penyintas.
Fokus pada kemampuan yang
dimiliki penyintas untuk pulih.
Berikan perhatian yang adil untuk
semua.
Langkah-langkah PFA
Langkah-langkah PFA

PUSKRIS-F.PSI UI 2009
Langkah-langkah PFA

PUSKRIS-F.PSI UI 2009
 Bertindak ketika berada
dalam stressor tinggi
Ambil Napas Panjang
Lihat gambaran besarnya
Bangun Rencana Berpikir sebelum bertindak

Remember: ITS NOT MY EMERGENCY!

 Team Well-Being
Team leaders should:
Provide pre-disaster stress management training.
Brief personnel before response.
Emphasize teamwork.
Encourage breaks.
Provide for proper nutrition.
Rotate personnel.
Phase out workers gradually.
Conduct a debrief discussion.
Arrange for a post-event debriefing later.
 Critical Incident Stress Debriefing
Six phases:
Introduction and a description
Review of the factual material
Sharing of initial thoughts/feelings
Sharing of emotional reactions to the incident
Instruction about normal stress reactions
Review of the symptoms
Closing and further needs assessment
 Risk Communications - EPA
Accept & involve the public as a legitimate
partner
Listen to the audience
Be honest, frank and open
Coordinate and collaborate with other credible
sources
Meet the needs of the media
Speak clearly and with compassion
Plan carefully and evaluate performance
 Avoid Saying . . .
I understand
Dont feel bad
Youre strong/Youll get through this
Dont cry
Its Gods will
It could be worse or At least you still
have
Im sorry for whats happened to you
Rebuilding Hope