SPECIES

EXTINCTION
SPECIES EXTINCTION
When species of plants and animals are
no longer living
LOCAL EXTINCTION
(EXTIRPATION)
A species may be extinct in a particular
area but continues to exist elsewhere
THREATENED OR
ENDANGERED SPECIES
Extant species that are threatened by extinction
or near extinction
RATE OF SPECIES
EXTINCTION
Only about 2 4 % of the species that
have ever lived are believed to survive
today, the rest are extinct.
CAUSES OF EXTINCTION
1. Natural Causes
2. Anthropogenic
NATURAL CAUSES
Climate change
Asteroids and Cosmic Radiation
Acid Rain
Diseases and Epidemics
NATURAL CAUSES

1. Climate change

Seasonal changes over a

long period of time
 NATURAL CAUSES
2. Asteroid and Cosmic Radiation

Extinction of dinosaurs holds that the

asteroids that hit the earth destroyed
all organisms upon impact
Exposure of species to cosmic
radiation caused mutation
 NATURAL CAUSES
3. Acid Rain

Chemical reaction of silver sulfur dioxide or

nitrogen oxide with the water molecules in
the atmosphere
Acidifies the bodies of water and thus harm
aquatic organisms
Damages plants that are sensitive to
changes in the acidity of the soil
 NATURAL CAUSES
4. Diseases and epidemics
Due to the continuous climate
conditions, many species of plants and
animals are losing their ability to adapt
and fight off diseases and epidemics
such that they become more
susceptible to extinction.
ANTHROPOGENIC CAUSES
Habitat Destruction
Pollution
Overexploitation
Introduction of Invasive Alien Species
 BIODIVERSITY - Ecosystem Diversity

Biodiversityis the variety of species and ecosystems on the

Earth and the ecological processes of they are a part of.
Living things interact with non-living (abiotic) and living (biotic) parts of the
ecosystems they share. As these abiotic and biotic factors vary from one
ecosystem to another, ecosystem diversity refers to these differences.

Variations between and within ecosystems around the world affect

the types and numbers of species that can live in each of these
ecosystems.
POPULATION
 POPULATION
a group of living things within a certain
area that are all of the same species
 POPULATION
a group of living things within a certain
area that are all of the same species

*Populations can be of the same size but

they may have different densities.
 Population Density
Number of same species per unit area
 Population Density
Number of same species per unit area
Factors that affect differences
in population density
Factors that affect differences
in population density

When new members move into the

ecosystems
Factors that affect differences
in population density

When new members move into the

ecosystems
When members move out of an
ecosystem
Factors that affect differences
in population density

When new members move into the

ecosystems
When members move out of an
ecosystem
Birth and death rate
Limiting factors
Limiting factors
Keeps a population from increasing in size
and help balance and ecosystem
Carrying capacity
Carrying capacity
Maximum population size an environment
can support
Why should an accelerated
extinction of species concern us?
 Plants and animals play the following
important roles in the ecosystem: aesthetic
and economic benefits, their roles in the
nutrient and water cycle, climate
regulation, soil formation and retention,
plant pollination, pollution control, pest
control, source of food, clothing and
medicines.
 There is still much to dicover in terms of
their usefulness. Of the estimated 10
million species that exist, only 1.75 million
species have been described.
 Species extinction could also mean the
loss of potential cure for cancer, AIDS,
and other dreaded diseases and possible
for drug-resistant pathogens, disease-
resistant plant strains that might produce
insect-repellant chemicals.
How do we address the problem?
HABITAT PROTECTION
HABITAT PROTECTION

Know where a specific habitat is found ad

identify the threatened species in this
habitat
HABITAT PROTECTION

Know where a specific habitat is found ad

identify the threatened species in this
habitat
Plan for protection and management
HABITAT PROTECTION

Know where a specific habitat is found ad

identify the threatened species in this
habitat
Plan for protection and management
Captive breeding the process of
facilitating the mating of threatened species
in zoos or wildlife reserves
LAWS AND TREATIES
LAWS AND TREATIES
RA No. 9147 Wildlife Resources
Conservation and Protection Act
LAWS AND TREATIES
RA No. 9147 Wildlife Resources
Conservation and Protection Act
Aims to protect our countrys fauna from
illegal trade, abuse and destruction
LAWS AND TREATIES
Convention on International Trade in
Endangered Species (CITES)
LAWS AND TREATIES
Convention on International Trade in
Endangered Species (CITES)
comprehensive conservation treaty that
regulates and monitors the commercial
trade of species that are at risk of
becoming endangered
 The most effective way to preserve
biodiversity is to protect the entire
ecosystem. Preserving and protecting the
whole ecosystem help save not only the
endangered species but also other
species that depend on them for survival.