Our Project

In this project, we have designed a Voice Activated

Home Automation system, where different appliances
are controlled by sending a voice command.

The Voice Activated Home Automation project is

implemented using Arduino UNO, Bluetooth and a
smart phone. Further sections will explain circuit
diagram, components required and working of the
project.
Concept of home automation.
The concept of Home Automation is gaining
popularity as it helps in reducing human effort and
errors and thus increasing the efficiency.
With the help of Home Automation system, we can
control different appliances like lights, fans, TV, AC
etc.
Additionally, a home automation system can also
provide other features like security, alarms, emergency
systems etc ,which can be integrated.
Literature survey/History of
Automation
Early home automation began with labor-saving machines.
In 1975, the first general purpose home automation network technology, X10, was
developed.
For centuries , the worlds greatest minds and most innovative inventors have been
working toward technology that can almost think for itself. The concept of Home
Automation revolves around reducing human effort and errors and thus increasing the
efficiency It involves the control and automation of lighting, heating (such as smart
thermostats), ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC), and security, as well as home
appliances.
Early home automation began with labor-saving machines. Self-contained electric or gas
powered home appliances became viable in the 1900s with the introduction of electric
power distribution and led to the introduction of washing machines (1904), water heaters
(1889), refrigerators, sewing machines, dishwashers, and clothes dryers.[1]
In 1975, the first general purpose home automation network technology, X10, was
developed. It is a communication protocol for electronic devices. It primarily uses electric
power transmission wiring for signaling and control, where the signals involve brief radio
frequency bursts of digital data. By 1978, X10 products included a 16 channel command
console, a lamp module, and an appliance module.[2]
 In 2011 protocol standard for home automation system called Home
Automation Device Protocol (HADP) was proposed. This protocol standard
aims for the interoperability of home automation devices across different
platforms. Based on the IFTTT (IF-This-Then-That) model.The proposed
protocol standard offerd low power consumption and low bandwidth
requirements .The protocol supports various communication mediums such as
Wi-Fi, Bluetooth 4.2, ZigBee IP, 6LoWPAN, and IEEE 802.15.4

Another paper in 2013 proposed a low cost and flexible home control and
monitoring system using an embedded micro -webserver, with IP connectivity
for accessing and controlling devices and appliances remotely using Android
based Smart phone app. [4]
Timeline
1901 1920 The invention of home appliances Although home appliances
arent what wed consider smart, they were an incredible achievement in the
early twentieth century. These achievements began with the first engine-
powered vacuum cleaner in 1901. .
1966 - 1967 ECHO IV and the Kitchen Computer Although it was never
commercially sold, the ECHO IV was the first smart device. This clever device
could compute shopping lists, control the homes temperature and turn
appliances on and off.
1991 Gerontechnology Gerontechnology combines gerontology and
technology and makes the lives of senior citizens easier. In the 1990s, there was
a lot of new research and technology in this sector. Remember, Ive fallen and I
cant get up? Life Alert is one example of gerontechnology.

1998 Early 2000s Smart Homes Smart homes, or home automation,

began to increase in popularity in the early 2000s. As such, different
technology began to emerge.
Advancements
As our project works on bluetooth connection with a
smartphone the requirement of a central server and
internet connection is negated. As android phones are
very common to all people nowadays ,using mobile as
the key for controlling the home appliances will
enhance the affordability and simplicity. Our smart
phone can now connect to all electronics equipment.
The android application will integrate google voice
recognition and hence can easily detect voice
commands.
 Arduino Ecosystem
Arduino is an open source computer hardware and
software company project and user community that
Designs and manufactures single board microcontrollers
and microcontroller kits for building digital devices
and interactive objects that can sense and control
objects in the physical world.
History of Arduino
The Arduino project started in 2003 as a program for
students at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea
in Ivrea, Italy.
Later devices intended for beginner as well as
hobbyists included simple robots, thermostats,
and motion detectors.
FUN FACT:- The name Arduino comes from a bar in
Ivrea, Italy, where some of the founders of the project
used to meet.
Arduino Hardware
Arduino board consists of an Atmel 8-bit microcontroller with
flash memory and pins.
The board uses single or double-row pins or female headers
Arduino microcontrollers are pre-programmed with a boot
loader that simplifies uploading of programs to the on-
chip flash memory.
The board is loaded with program code via a serial connection
to a computer via Universal Serial Bus (USB)
Software
A arduino board can be programmed in c++ language.
The two important functions used are:
setup(): This function is called once when a sketch
starts after power-up or reset. It is used to initialize
variables, input and output pin modes.
loop(): After setup() has been called, function loop() is
executed repeatedly in the main program. It controls
the board until the board is powered off.
Components required.
Arduino UNO-1
Hc-05 Bluetooth module-1
Smart Phone or Tablet 1
2N2222 NPN Transistor 4
12V Relay 4
1 K Resistor 4
1N4007 PN Junction Diode 4
Power Supply
Connecting Wires
Breadboard (Prototyping Board)
App for transmitting voice to Bluetooth
Arduino Uno R3
The Arduino Uno R3 is a microcontroller board.
It has :-
14 digital input/output pins
6 analog inputs
A usb connection(to program the board)
It can draw power from a pc or a dc source.
Clock speed :- 16MHz
Flash memory:- 32KB
Bluetooth Hc-05
For wireless
communication, we used
Bluetooth Technology
and the module used for
this is HC 05.. HC 05

The following image shows the HC 05

Bluetooth Module used in this project
Relay Board (4 Channel)
A Relay is used to connect a small current transistor circuit
with a large current AC circuit. In this project, we have used
a relay board with 4 channels.
It will connect the AC appliances to the rest of the circuit .
Circuit daigram
Circuit Design
We will now see the design of the Voice Activated
Home Automation circuit. First, we need to connect
the Bluetooth Module to the Arduino.
Next, we will connect the relays to the Arduino. We
will connect the inputs of the individual relays to the
Arduino for smart control of appliances connected to
the relay .
Then we will connect the resistor, transistor, diode
and dc power source.
Voice control
We will code an android app which interfaces with the
arduino circuit through Bluetooth connection.
Google voice will be integrated with the app to
recognise instructions like ,turn on the lights
Working
On recognition of a phrase like turn on the lights ,the
app will send an instruction to the arduino circuit.
The pre-programmed arduino circuit then allows the
channel in the relay board programmed as light to
draw current from the AC outlet ,hence turning it on.
Conclusively any appliance connected to this system
can be controlled by voice.
The addition of this smart system also doesnt hamper
the normal use of the any applliances .They can be
turned on or off through switches.
Applications
The Voice Activated Home Automation system will
help us control different electrical appliances with
simple voice commands.
This kind of system is very useful for people with
disabilities.
Further, the project can be expanded by adding
different sensors (light, smoke, etc.).
Lighting Automation
The major advantage of a lighting control system over
stand-alone lighting controls or conventional
manual switching is the ability to control individual
lights or groups of lights from a single user interface
device. This ability to control multiple light sources
from a user device allows complex lighting scenes to be
created
Home automation for disabled
The form of home automation called assistive
domotics focuses on making it possible for older
adults and people with disabilities to remain at home,
safe and comfortable. Home automation is becoming a
viable option for older adults and people with
disabilities who would prefer to stay in the comfort of
their homes rather than move to a healthcare facility.
Scope of development.
This project can be further expanded by addition of various
sensors . For example
Adding a thermostat would automate the room
temperatures according to weather.
Adding a light sensor, would turn off the lights
automatically during the day.
Adding smoke detectors and gas leak sensors would
provide alerts and raise alarms in case of an emergency.

Thus there is a lot of potential in home automation systems

and it will aid in making our lives comfortable and
efficient.
Reference
1. Wikipedia. Home automation,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_automation
2. Wikipedia, "network technology, X10"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X10_(industry_standard).
3. T.gonnot,W.J.Yi,E.Monshef,J.sanije,"Home Automation
Device Protocol (HADP): A Protocol Standard for
Unified Device Interactions" Advances in Internet of
Things, Vol.5 No.4, October 30, 2015
4. Liu, Y."Study on smart home system based on Internet of
things technology. "In Informatics and Management
Science IV. vol. 207, W. Du, Ed., ed: Springer London, 73--
81 (2013)