SINGLE STAGE

DISTILLATION
CHE134P/CPMONTEROLA
 TYPES OF DISTILLATION

1. simple batch/differential distillation

2. Flash Distillation
3. simple continuous
4. steam distillation
5. fractional distillation
 SIMPLE BATCH OR
DIFFERENTIAL DISTILLATION
 RAYLEIGH EQUATION
(1)
=ABln
(1)

F is the Feed
xF is the concentration of more volatile component in the feed
W is the Residue
xW is the concentration of the more volatile component in the residue
AB is the relative volatility of A with respect to B
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 1
A solution containing 35% by weight toluene and
65% by weight benzene is subjected to a simple
batch distillation at atmospheric pressure. For this
purpose, assume relative volatility is equal to 3. If the
distillation is discontinued when the weight of the
distillate amounts to 45% of the charge, calculate
the amount of benzene in the distillate as %
benzene in the charge.
a. 85.93 b. 45.17 c. 72.16 d. 56.26
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 2
A 537 kg solution containing 50% by weight heptane
and 50% by weight octane is batch distilled until only
4.74 lbmoles remain in the pot. If the relative volatility
of the mixture is 2.0, what will be the distillate
composition in terms of mole fraction heptane?
A. 0.5327 B. 0.4673 C. 0.3889 D. 0.6398
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 3
A 100 kgmol liquid mixture containing 45% A and
55% B by mole is differentially distilled until 40 kgmole
of A is vaporized. If the relative volatility of A with
respect to B is equal to 1, what is the mole fraction
of A in the remaining liquid?
A. 0.45 B. 0.55 C. 0.38 D. 0.63
 EXERCISE 1
A batch differential distillation is made upon a 25 kg
mixture of ethanol-water containing 7% weight
alcohol. How many kg of distillate must be collected
so that it will have an ethanol content of 30%
weight? Assume that the relative volatility of the
mixture to be equal to 12.
A. 5 B. 7 C. 9 D.12
 EXERCISE 2
500 moles of a liquid mixture are charged to a
distillation unit. This liquid mixture contains 0.25 mole
fraction of component A and 0.75 mole fraction of
component B. If the mixture is subjected to a simple
batch distillation, what will be the liquid/residue
composition after 100 moles of component A has
been removed with the vapors? Assume the relative
volatility of component a with respect to B is 3.15.
A. 0.25 B. 0.15 C. 0.10 D. 0.05
 EXERCISE 3
A mixture containing 0.65 mole fraction A and 0.35
mole fraction B is subjected to a simple batch
distillation until the instantaneous composition of the
vapors leaving becomes 0.55 mole fraction A. If the
relative volatility for the mixture is constant at 2.5,
estimate the average composition of the total
distillate collected. A is more volatile than B.
A. 0.65 B. 0.74 C. 0.81 D. 0.93
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
The temperature of a simple batch
distillation is maintain at 90C, the vapor
pressure of pure methylbenzene is 53.3 kPa
and that of pure 1,2-dimethylbenzene is 20
kPa. What is the composition of the bottoms
when the pressure is 0.5 atm? What is the
composition of the distillate produced?
SIMPLE CONTINUOUS
DISTILLATION
 SIMPLE CONTINUOUS
DISTILLATION

Relative volatility , AB
 MRII PROBLEM
One hundred moles per hour of solution
containing 80 moles of A, the rest is B
subjected to simple continuous distillation.
The distillate contains 72 moles of A. If A is 5
times more volatile than B, concentration
of A in the distillate is_____.
A. 0.85 b. 0.80 c. 0.533 d. none of
these
STEAM DISTILLATION
STEAM DISTILLATION
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 1
If naphthalene were to be steam distilled at 200C
and 1 atm, how many moles of steam would be
needed per mole of naphthalene? Assume the
vapor pressure of naphthalene at 200C to be equal
to 475 mm Hg.
A. 0.0844
B. 0.60
C. 0.80
D. 0.4482
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 2
Glycerin is steam distilled at 190C under 26-in vacuum. A
test shows a steam consumption of 1.0 pound per pound
of glycerin distilled. What percent excess steam , referred
to that theoretically needed, is actually used? Vapor
pressure of glycerin at 190C is 29 mm Hg.
A. 110
B. 100
C. 85
D. 170
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 3
A totally immiscible liquid system composed of water and
an organic liquid boils at 90C when the barometer reads
734 mm Hg. The distillate contains 73% by weight of the
organic liquid. What is the molecular weight of the
organic liquid?
A. 112
B. 123
C. 132
D. 100
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 4
If steam is blown into the still containing a mixture of
water and chlorobenzene and the total pressure is 130
mm Hg. Estimate the temperature of boiling and the
composition of the distillate. The two components are
immiscible in the liquid. Vapor pressures of
chlorobenzene and water are given below:
Pressure, mm 100 50 30 26
Hg
Temperature 70.4 53.7 42.7 34.5
C,
Chlorobenzene
Temperature 51.7 38.5 29.9 22.5
C, Water
 EXERCISE 1
Calculate the weight of water required to
steam distill 500 mg of bromobenzene at
95C. The vapor pressure of water at this
temperature is 640 Torr, bromobenzene, 120
Torr. Bromine is 79.9.
 EXERCISE 2
A mixture contains 100 kg of water and 100 kg of
ethylaniline ( mol wt. = 121.1kg/kg mol), which is
immiscible with water. To purify ethylaniline, it is steam
distilled by bubbling saturated steam into the mixture at
a total pressure of 101.32 kPa. Determine the boiling point
of the mixture and the composition of the vapor. The
vapor pressure of each of the pure compounds is as
follows:
K C Pwater Pethylanilin
(kPa) e(kPa)
353.8 80.6 48.5 1.33
369.2 96.0 87.7 2.67
372.3 99.15 98.3 3.04
386.4 113.2 163.3 5.33
RAYLEIGH EQUATION 2

ln =

 SAMPLE PROBLEM:
RAYLEIGH EQUATION
DIFFERENTIAL DISTILLATION
A mixture of 100 mol containing 50 mol% n-pentane
and 50 mol% n-heptane is distilled under differential
conditions at 101.3 kPa until 40 mol is distilled. What is
the average composition of the total vapor distilled
and the composition of the liquid left? The
equilibrium data are as follows, where x and y are
mole fractions of n-pentane:
X Y X Y X Y
1.0 1.0 0.398 0.836 0.059 0.271
0.867 0.984 0.254 0.701 0 0
0.594 0.925 0.145 0.521
 11.3-2 GEANKOPLIS
EXERCISE 3
A mixture containing 70 mol% benzene and 30 mol%
toluene is distilled under differential conditions at 101.32
kPa. A total of one-third of the moles in the feed is
vaporized. Calculate the average composition of the
distillate and the composition of the remaining liquid. Use
the data below:

X Y X Y X Y
1.0 1.00 0.411 0.632 0 0
0.780 0.9 0.258 0.456
0.581 0.777 0.130 0.261
 OLD BOARD PROBLEM
A solvent-water mixture is to be distilled at 95C.
The vapor pressure of the solvent at this
temperature is 130 mmHg and that of water is 640
mmHg. The solvent is immiscible in water and has a
molecular weight of 150. The weight of the solvent
in kg that will be carried over in the distillate with
200 kg of water is
A. 358.73 B. 423.57 C. 338.54 D. 524.63
FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION
FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION
RECTIFYING SECTION

Operating line equation

 LIQUID-VAPOR
EQUILIBRIUM CURVE
 RECTIFYING SECTION
MCCABE-THIELE METHOD

Slope = L/V
Yint = DXd/V
PERRY PAGE 13-18
 REFLUX RATIO, R
PERRY PAGE 13-19
STRIPPING SECTION

Operating line
 STRIPPING SECTION
(MCCABE-THIELE METHOD)

Slope = L /V
Yint = -BXb/V
PERRY PAGE 13-19
FEED SECTION
QUALITY OF FEED (PERRY PAGE 13-19)
 FEED SECTION
(MCCABE-THIELE)
MCCABE-THIELE METHOD