FEM3001

TOPIC3
DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS
CHALLENGES ACROSS LIFE-CYCLE:

Various capacity, types, durations, timing

Various factors may influence them or
influence the impact of the challenges

FEM3001/SEM 1/2017-2018
Risk factors; protective factors
A resilient person can survive best

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DEVELOPMENTAL TASK AND
CHALLENGES

FEM3001/SEM 1/2017-2018
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 DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS .

Robert Havighurst (1953) theory of

developmental tasks.

FEM3001/SEM 1/2017-2018
Emphasized the interrelationship of
physical, social, emotional, and
intellectual aspects of development.
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 DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS .
Definition:
A developmental task is a task to be
performed or achieved during a

FEM3001/SEM 1/2017-2018
certain period in a persons life.
It represents culture's definition of
"normal" development at different
points in the life span.
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 DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS .
Definition:
It consist of a set of skills and
competences that are acquired as the

FEM3001/SEM 1/2017-2018
person gains increased mastery over
the environment.
Many developmental tasks are
related to the society in which an
individual lives .
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 DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS .

Most people accomplish developmental

tasks in a certain order.

FEM3001/SEM 1/2017-2018
Successfully accomplish one task before
going on to a task at the next level.
Interrelationship of the factors.

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 DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS .

NO LIFE STAGE NO DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS

1 INFANCY 1 Social attachment
2 Sensorimotor intelligence

FEM3001/SEM 1/2017-2018
3 Object permanence
4 Maturation of motor function

2 TODDLERHOOD 1 Self-control

2 Language development
3 Fantasy and play
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4 Elaboration of locomotion.
 DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS .

NO LIFE STAGE NO DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS

3 EARLY 1 Sex role identification
SCHOOL AGE
2 Early moral development

FEM3001/SEM 1/2017-2018
3 Concrete operations
4 Group play

4 MIDDLE 1 Social cooperation

SCHOOL AGE
2 Self-evaluation
3 Skill learning
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4 Team play
 DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS .

NO LIFE STAGE NO DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS

5 EARLY 1 Physical maturation
ADOLESCENCE
2 Formal operations

FEM3001/SEM 1/2017-2018
3 Membership in the peer group
4 Heterosexual relationships

6 LATER 1 Autonomy from parents

ADOELSCENCE
2 Identity; Sex role identity
3 Internalized morality
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4 Career choice
 DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS .

NO LIFE STAGE NO DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS

7 EARLY ADULTHOOD 1 Marriage
2 Childbearing

FEM3001/SEM 1/2017-2018
3 Work
4 Lifestyle

8 MIDDLE ADULTHOOD 1 Management of the household

2 Child rearing
3 Management of a career

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 DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS .

NO LIFE STAGE NO DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS

9 LATER 1 Redirection of energy into new roles
ADULTHOOD

FEM3001/SEM 1/2017-2018
2 Acceptance of one life
3 Developing a point of view about
death

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CHALLENGES ACROSS LIFE-CYCLE:

Risk factors
Factors that impede/hinder development or
process of development
Protective factors
Factors facilitate/promote development or

FEM3001/SEM 2/2016-2017
process of development
Risk & protective factors
Individual/family/other contexts
Individual low self-esteem, poor social
skills (risk); high self-esteem, coping skill, 13
assertiveness , resilient (protective)
CHALLENGES ACROSS LIFE-CYCLE:

Resiliency
Ability to overcome challenges/to bounce back in the
face of challenges.
A resilient person can survive best

FEM3001/SEM 2/2016-2017
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 PSYCHOSOCIAL CRISIS.

NO LIFE STAGE PSYCHOSOCIAL CRISIS

1 INFANCY Trust versus mistrust
2 TODDLERHOOD Autonomy versus shame and doubt

FEM3001/SEM 2/2016-2017
3 EARLY SCHOOL AGE Initiative versus guilt
4 MIDDLE SCHOOL AGE Industry versus inferiority
5 ADOLESCENCE Identity versus role diffusion
6 YOUNG ADULTHOOD Intimacy versus isolation
7 MIDDLE ADULTHOOD Generativity versus stagnation
8 LATER ADULTHOOD Integrity versus despair

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 Class Activity

Give examples of risk and protective factors for

human development;

FEM3001/SEM 2/2016-2017
Individual
Family
School/community

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