Identifying

Coal Seam Characteristic based on

Geological analysis
TCM & BEK Mine Case Study

by
Technical Specialist BEK and Team
 Objective
Coal Geology case study in Melak Mine area
Coal seam characteristic interpretation as the
correlation of geological condition in study
area
Geological condition which are considered :
Coal bearing sequence depositional system
Geology structure affecting study area
 Content
Geological setting
Facies model and correlation
Insitu coal quality
Sticky coal
Hard material impurities
Geology structure Interpretation
 Geology Setting
BEK and TCM mine occur in 2 major syncline
where connect each other at their limb. The
coal seam dip around the nose of syncline
normally more gentle ( 10 15 deg.) than the
dip along the limb ( > 25 deg) ,even in some
area of limb have dips 45- 70 degree .
 Geology Setting
The coal bearing strata of BEK and TCM is on
same Geological Formation ,they are Upper
Pamaluan , therefore the coal seam
characteristic of them are similar
Based on sedimentary facies study, the coal
deposit in Melak mine is the product of deltaic
deposition system where it will characterize
both physical properties and quality of coal.
Geological Map of Melak Mine

TCM

BEK
 TCM SB3

TCM SB1

TCM SB2

BEK
 Facies model and correlation
As the Deltaic depositional system, there are some
characteristics of Melak mine coal seams that can be
identified :
By recognition of facies types, facies model can be
described and grouped into upper zone facies and lower
zone facies
Varieties of seam thickness and seam continuity of the
upper zone facies relative minor than the lower zone, in
the other hand presence of parting become more
intensive .
Varieties of sulfur content which affected by marine water
influence are identified that lower zone facies become
more abundant. They will implicate in coal TS and
overburden PAF layer.
 Facies model and correlation
The study of facies model will support us to
establish coal seam correlation , for some
reasons :
Long distance and widespread correlation
Great number coal bearing sequence ( multi
seam)
Discontinuity of geological domain as the affect of
geological structure ( ie : fault )
The study of facies also help us to determine
key bed / horizon marker
 FACIES MODEL OF SB 2 AT STRATIGRAPHY LINE 2600

Upper zone facies

SEAM 4900
Lithotypes dominated :
Channel, levee deposit : fine coarse grained quartz sandstone
Crevasse splay : siltstone fine grained qzt ss
Coal seam characteristic :
SEAM 4400 TS <<, Hard material impurities, washout, parting, simple
splitting , thickness <<

SEAM 4000

SEAM 3800
Lower zone facies
Lithotypes dominated :
SEAM 3000
Interdistributary deposit : shale-siltstone, pyrite
Crevasse splay : siltstone fine grained qzt ss
Coal seam characteristic : BN261001C
SEAM 2400 TS >>, parting <<, thickness >>
A

*Section Grid: 50m x 50m

BN260014C Seam 4200 Biangan River Model: Sb2_Dec_2015_R1

 TOP

SEAM 4900

SEAM 4461
SEAM 4800

SEAM 4900

SEAM 3000
SEAM 4400

SEAM 3850

SEAM 2800
SEAM 4300

SEAM 4400

SEAM 2600
SEAM 4700
SEAM 3840

SEAM 4000

SEAM 4250
SEAM 3800

SEAM 4500

SEAM 4240 SEAM 2500

SEAM 3800
SEAM 4470

SEAM 3400

SEAM 2400
SEAM 3000

SEAM 4200

SEAM 4100

SEAM 2400
PAGE 20 SEAM 4000 BOTTOM
Stratigraphy Column BEK-SB1-NB1

BEK SB1 NB
Strat colum B06
DH BE DH SB2 TCM

Seam 4300
Seam 4300

Seam 8000
Seam 8000

Seam 4000
Seam 4000

Seam 6000

Seam 6000

Seam 3000 Seam 3000

Seam 3000 Seam 3000

Modeling seam correlation BEK vs SB2 TCM

SB2 TCM

Insufficiency of
interpolating
data

SB2 TCM
 Insitu Quality of Melak Coal
Calorific Value ( CV) , Moisture ( M) :
o Showing the correlation of coal seam maturity
( rank ) and the function of P&T
o CV decreased , Moisture increased from lower
seam to upper seam
o TCM _NB : CV decreased , Moisture increased
from South ( Block 17 ) to North ( Block 1) which
be indicated as the affect of hydrothermal in the
south part area.
 Varieties of IM vs CV of NB _TCM

IM CV
 Insitu Quality of Melak Coal
Total Sulfur :
o Form of Sulfur are mostly pyritic sulfur indicate
marine water influence in coal depositional area.
o TS of lower seam group greater than upper seam.
o Varieties of coal seam TS both vertical and lateral
could be controlled by intensity of crack/joint as
the function of tectonically process
Application :
Insitu coal sampling method : ply by ply
Selective mining method : optimizing LS coal
PAF layer identification
Varieties verticaly of TS Seam 3000 BEK
Varieties laterally of TS Seam 3000 BEK
Varieties of TS Seam 3000 correlate to intensity of seam dipping
NB _TCM
Varieties of TS Seam 3000 correlate to intensity of seam dipping
SB1 _TCM
Cropline map pattern showing intensity of seam dipping
SB2 _TCM
Varieties of TS Seam 3000 SB2 _TCM
 Insitu Quality of Melak Coal
Ash Content:
o Controlled by parting condition : lithology of
parting, total thickness.
o Condition of oxidized coal in subscrop area.

Application :
Insitu coal sampling method : composite coal sample weighting
 5500
6000
6500
7000
7500
seam2600 8000

7658
seam 2800

7299
seam 3000
7699

seam 3400
7557

seam 3800
7232
seam 4000
7031
seam 4100
7422

seam 4200
7295

seam 4300
7164

seam 4400
6810

seam 4500
seam 4600
seam 4700
seam 4800
seam4900
seam5000
6980

seam5200
seam 5400
68916850690969296903 68566894

seam 5600
7056

seam 5800
6696

seam6000
7001

seam 6200
seam6400
65466517

seam 6600
seam 6800
64776479

seam 7000
6279

seam 7200
6007

seam 7210
6054

seam 7220
6169
SB1 coal seam quality model

0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00

TS
CV

IM
TM
Ash
BEK TS and CV Model
 StickySticky
Coalcoal behavior ofof
Behavior Melak Coal Coal
Melak
The potential of sticky coal in Melak Coal are identified as
below :
Expandable Clays which come from coal parting where is
become the dominant factor.
seam 7000,seam 2800 ( SB 1 TCM ) seam 6600( BEK )
Oxidized coal which enriches surface moisture and dilution.
seam 4500 (SB 1 TCM )
Coal size distribution ( fine grain ) .
seam 7000 (SB 1 TCM ),seam 6600( BEK ) which have
specific characteristic of their maceral substance.
Critical Moisture Content level
 Clay Content as % Coal
Clay content as % Coal
Potential of Sticky Coal : S 6600 BEK
Expandable Clay Parting
 Seam 7000 TCM
Potential of Sticky Coal : S 7000 SB1_TCM
Expandable Clay Parting
Potential of Sticky Coal : S 2800 SB1_TCM
Expandable Clay Parting
 Size Distribution
Size Distribution Analysis
 Maceral Analysis
Tabel Hasil Analisis Maseral Batubara
Volume (%) Volume (%)
Koordinat COAL TPI GI
Vitrinit Liptinit Inertinit Telo-vitrinit Telo-inertinit Detro-vitrinit Gelo-vitrinit Detro-inertinit Gelo-inertinit

- - Seam 2800 91.8 0.2 3.1 89.8 3.1 2 0 0 0 46.45 30.6129

- - Seam 3000 95.1 0.8 2.4 92.1 2.4 2.6 0.4 0 0 31.5 40.625

- - Seam 4500 90.7 0.6 1.6 88.1 1.6 2.2 0.4 0 0 34.5 57.6875

- - Seam 7000 80 3.4 3.3 65 3.3 14.8 0.2 0 0 4.553333 25.24242

321674 9904220 LP 30 84.1 2.9 2.3 17.4 2.3 65.1 1.6 0 0 0.295352 37.56522

322787 9901570 LP 76 91.3 2.4 1.1 80.7 1.1 10.3 0.3 0 0 7.716981 84

324043 9903143 LP 7 92.4 2.7 3 59.9 2.2 32.5 0 0.8 0 1.864865 31.53333

322584 9904830 LP 23 93.9 1.6 0.3 59.9 0 30.1 3.9 0.3 0 1.746356 313

323055 9901980 LP 73 82 4.8 1.4 29.4 0.7 51.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.557407 59.07143

Seam 7000 TCM , Seam 6600 BEK ( LP30,LP 73 )

Analyzed : TPI <<, cellulose <<, element H >>, C<<
Indicated : sapropelic coal, fine grained size
Lokasi Pengambilan (LP)
Conto Maseral
 FlowingRate
Flowing Rate vs
Vs Critical
Critical Moisture
Moisture Level
level
 Sticky
Hardcoal behavior Impurities
Material of Melak Coal

Hard material impure coal seam in TCM :

Thin section analysis : identified as crystalline quartz
mineralization ( replacement ) coal substances by
silica therefore called as silicified coal
Mostly found in the upper zone facies of coal bearing
sequence source of mineral composition
correspondent to OB, IB associated ( sand stone )
Occur as lenses about 10 cm thickness ,layer oriented,
close to coal seam roof/floor syngenetic process
 Potential Hard band interpreted using coal ash analysis peformance

90
Hard band contaminant
80
potential

70 Parting, Ash >>

60

50 SiO
NaO
40
FeO

30 AlO
CaO
20

10

0
Hardband in Seam 7500 NB_TCM
Thin section of Hard band : crystalline quartz and coal substance
matter

quartz Carbon matter

Hardband in Seam 5400
Hardband in seam 3000
 Sticky coal
Geology behavior of
Structure Melak Coal
Interpretation
Geology structure in potential area :
o Affect to continuity of potential area
o Considered to determine geological domain related to
modeling interpolation
Main Geology structure in TCM_BEK : plunging
synscline , axis direction SW-NE, tectonic stress
interpreted NW SE
Coal seam dipping : gentle in nose of syncline ( SB1,
Lampenang), steeper in their limb/flank of syncline
(SB2,SB3,Skidding,Tenaik)
 Sticky coal
Geology behavior of
Structure Melak Coal
Interpretation
Trend of geology structure oriented in potential
area :
o Normal faulting : minor, normally occur at the limb of
syncline, relative direction perpendicular to general seam
strike direction ( found at Tenaik-Biangan area BEK)
o Slip Faulting : Major, reflected in morphology ,affect to
seam strike direction and seam continuity, found at
Lampenang area BEK.
Intensity of joint and crack identified affect to
varieties of TS in coal seam.
 Varieties of coal seam dipping in each part of BEK Syncline

Dip 450-700

Dip 100-150

Dip 150-400
 Cr Geology BEK 2006
Cross section Model

Significant offset of seam 3000 as effect of Trust fault interpreted

at Lampenang BEK
Considered to be reviewed ????
THANK YOU
KEEP CALM
AND ALWAYS TRUST
LESPRIT DE GEOLOGIQUE