5.

1
(harmonic distortion)



5.1






5.1
 5.1
5.2




(harmonic)
(Fourier series)




5.2
 5.1
2550








 5.2

?
1.

2.

3.

 5.2
5.3(voltage distortion)









5.3

 5.2

1.

2.

 5.3





5.4





5.4.1
S

S V I (5.1)
rms rms

Vrms I rms


Vrms
1
V1 I
1
I
(5.2)
rms 1
2 2
 5.4.1
V1 I 1
1

5.2


2
hmax
1 1
Vh V1 V2 V3 ......... V 2 h
2 2 2
Vrms max
h 1
(5.3)
2 2
2
1
hmax
1
I h I 1 I 2 I 3 ......... I
2 2 2 2
I rms hmax
h 1 2 2
(5.4)
5.4.1
Vh I h h
Vh Ih
V1 I1
(5.3)(5.4)(5.2)
P
P
1 T
P 0
v(t )i (t )dt (5.5)
T

(5.5)
P:
P
V1I 1
cos1 V1rms I 1rms cos1 S cos1 (5.6)
2
5.4.1
1
(5.6)





5.4.1

V1I 1
Q S sin1 sin1 V1rms I 1rms sin1 (5.7)
2

(5.6)

5.4PQS
5.4 PQS
5.4.1


SP



P


5.4.1
Q

D(distortion power)
(distortion voltampers)
Q
D

5.4.1
PQDS
S P 2 Q2 D 2

Q Vk I k sin k (5.8)
k

DSPQ
D S 2 P 2 Q2 (5.9)

5.5
PQSD

5.5
5.4.2

(PF)

P
PF (5.10)
S

01
0.990%

5.4.2




(displacement power factor)
PF
P
cos (5.11)
S
(5.11)



5.4.2


(5.10)
PWM
1
0.50.6





 5.4.3








 5.4.3
120
A-B-C0-120120
120
(A-C-B0120-120)
000

h
h=22 0 ,120 ,120
0 ,120 ,120 h=3
3 0 ,120 ,120 0 ,0 ,0

 5.4.3
h=1713
h=51117
(h=3915)
 5.4.4
(triplen harmonics) (third
harmonic)(h=391521)


Y





 5.4.4
5.6

N




5.7Y-
Y

 5.4.4





5.6

5.7
 5.4.4

1. Y


2.


3.

 5.4.4






-
5.8

 5.4.4









5.8

 5.5
5.5.1
5.5.2
 5.5.1
THD



h max
M h
2

h 1
THD (5.12)
M1

M h M h
 5.5.1
THD
THD

5.9THD

5.9THD13.2kV

THD

5.9 THD
 5.5.2
THD

THD


THD
THD


 5.5.2
IEEE519-1992


h max
I h
2

h2
TDD
IL (5.14)

I L
I L
 5.5.2
TDD
12
12



 5.6










 5.6.1
5.10






 5.6.1






5.11

5.10
5.11
 5.6.1








 5.6.2

40~60%1995

77
14

 5.6.2


5.12
(THD)15%


23
5.13
THD144%
5.12 (a)
(b)
5.13 (a)(b)

 5.6.2


(THD)
10~32 %
(ANSI)
(THD)32 %
(THD)20 %

5.6.3
(ASDs)

ASD

ASD


ASD
 5.7








 5.7






 5.7.1
(converters)



5.14
(ASD)



 5.7.1
5.14(CSI-type)
(VSI-type)PWM-type


5.15
5.14 ASD
5.15 ASD

 5.7.1








 5.7.1

(rectification)




-5.16

12-

 5.7.1
-


12-
90%

12-

5.16 6ASD
 5.7.1

(VSIs)
(CSIs)
VSI
LC

CSI

 5.7.1



PWMVSI

5.17

VSI PWM
500
 5.7.1
PWM





(SCR)
5.186-
12-
 5.7.1
VSI5.18a
CSI
5.18b



CSI




5.17 PWM ASD
5.18 ASD
 5.7.1

5.19PWM ASD
42%

5.19 PWM ASD
 5.7.2
(arcing devices)


5.20

-




 5.7.2



60000






5.20
 5.7.2


5.12




 5.7.3
(saturable devices)

5.21

5.21



5.21
 5.7.3

180Hz



5.22Y


 5.7.3
Y




5.22
 5.8


5.23







 5.8


5.24





 5.8







 5.8






5.23
5.24

 5.9










 5.9.1







(MVA)
 5.9.1

kV 2 kV 1000
Z sc Rsc jX sc
MVA sc 3 I sc
(5.15)

Zsc:
Rsc
Xsc
kV
MVAscMVA
Isc
 5.9.1



(5.16)h
X1h

X h hX 1 (5.16)
 5.9.2





Xc

1 (5.19)
Xc
2fC

C(F)
 5.9.2

Xc
1200 Var 13.8 kV

kV 2
Xc
M var

kV 2 13 .8 2
Xc 158 .7
M var 1.2 (5.20)
 5.9.3





5.26

5.27b


 5.9.3

(parallel resonance)
(parallel resonant frequency)

1 1 R2 1 1
fp
2 L eqC 4L 2eq 2 L Leq C (5.21)

R5.27

Leq
C

5.26
5.27 (a)
(b)
 5.9.3

VP=QXLeqIh

Q

Q
5
30
 5.9.3

( I resonance )

VP QX C I h
I resonance QI h
XC XC

VP QX Leq I h
I resonance QI h
X Leq X Leq
(5.23)
 5.9.3

(5.23)
Q



5.28


 5.9.3

hr

XC MVASC kVAtx 100

hr
X SC M varcap k varcap Z tx (%) (5.24)
hr =
XC =
X SC =
MVA SC =MVA
MVA =Mvar
cap

kVAtx =kVA
Z tx =
k var =kvar
cap
5.28

 5.9.3

1500-kVA6%
500-kvar

kVAtx 100 1500 100
hr 7.07
k varcap Z tx % 500 6
 5.9.4

LC

LC


5.29
 5.9.4

5.30









5.29
5.30
 5.9.4

XC XC
VS Vh Vh
XT XC R R

(5.25)

X XT source

5.30
C X



 5.9.4

XC
hr (5.26)
X T X source
 5.9.5
5.31






X R


5.31
5.9.5
20%







 5.10







 5.10.1



5.3211

11


5.32 11

 5.10.1

4%3%

20%21%

 5.1

IEEE 18-
1980

1200 kVAr
13800 V(L-L)
13800 V(L-L)
1200 kVAr
50.2 Amps
60 Hz
 5.1 ()

(Hertz)

1 60 100.00 7967.4 100.0

3 180 0.00 0.0 0.0
5 300 4.00 318.7 20.0
7 420 3.00 239.0 21.0
11 660 0.00 0.0 0.0
13 780 0.00 0.0 0.0
17 1020 0.00 0.0 0.0
19 1140 0.00 0.0 0.0
21 1260 0.00 0.0 0.0
23 1380 0.00 0.0 0.0
25 1500 0.00 0.0 0.0
(THD) 5.00 %

7977.39 Volts

29 %

52.27 Amps
 5.1 ()

107.0% 120%

100.1% 110%

104.1% 180%

kVAr 104.3% 135%

 5.10.2

1. (RMS current)


2. (Eddy current losses)


3. (Core loses)


 5.10.3









 5.10.3
1992IEEE519-
19925%
3%
810%


 5.10.4



5.34

5.36
 5.10.5







5.37

 5.10.5
(5.32)
Pmeasured P1 a3 P3 a5 P5 a7 P7
(5.32)

(5.33)

Pmeasured P1 a3P3 a5P5 a7 P7

(5.33)
 5.10.5


PQ
D

1015%
 5.11



(interharmonic frequency)
1


 5.11
5.18









 5.11

5.38

5.38






1501200 Hz
5.38
 5.11



5.34
2f 0 f s ,4f 0 f s ,... (5.34)
 5.11

160 Hz
260380 Hz
580700 Hz

5.39
5.39
 5.11