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Anchored walls
Deep-Seated
Bearing Failure Sliding Failure
Load Factors for Conventional Walls
b b
0.90 DC
1.25 DC
1.00 EV
1.50 EH 1.50 EH
1.35 EV
b+d b+d
1.50 1.50
1.00 WAV
1.00 WAV
EHcos(b+d) EHcos(b+d)
LRFD
Non-gravity Cantilevered Walls
Below excavation line, multiply by 3b
on passive side of wall and 1b on active
side of wall for discrete elements
g= 125 pcf
10' Ka = 0.33
gp = 1.5
Pp Pa
L
La
Lp
A
Kp = 3
jp = 1
H1
H1
H1
3
3
H1
2/
2/
p Th1
H
Th1 p
H2
3
1/
Th2
H
Hn
Thn
(H-H1)
Hn+1
Hn+1
3
2/
3
2/
R R
TOTALLOAD TOTALLOAD
p= K A H p=
2 H
3 H - 1 3 H1 1 3 Hn+1
Tn
L b(min) =
Qa
Qa = d a L b
1.05
1.0
LRFD/ASD
0.85
Clay (FS = 2.5, = 0.70)
0.8
0 5 10 15 20
Dead Load / Live Load
EH
1.5 + 1.75
EH LS
L b(min)(ASD) = + 1 FS L b(min)(LRFD) =
LS
Final Anchor Design
Section 11.9.4.2 Anchor Pullout
Capacity
For final design, the contract documents
shall require that verification tests or
pullout tests on sacrificial anchors in each
soil unit be conducted
Different than current ASD practice, but
intent is not to require, in general, pullout
testing
Bearing Resistance of Wall
Element
Assume all vertical loads carried by portion
of wall below excavation level
Code refers designer to section on spread or
deep foundations for analysis methods
Resistance factors used are for static
capacity evaluation of piles or shafts (i.e., =
0.3 to 0.5 FS ~ 3.0 to 4.5)
Resistance factors should be modified to
correlate to FS = 2.0 to 2.5 for bearing
resistance evaluation
MSE Walls
Strength Limit States
Same external stability checks as for
conventional gravity walls
Tensile resistance of reinforcement
Pullout resistance of reinforcement
Structural resistance of face elements and face
element connection
Tmax = HS v
sH = factored horizontal soil stress
at reinforcement (ksf)
Sv = vertical spacing of
reinforcement
AASHTO 11.10.6.2.1-2
Factored Horizontal Stresses
Factored Horizontal Stress
H = gP Vk r + H
gP = load factor (=1.35 for EV)
kr = pressure coefficient
sV = pressure due to resultant of
gravity forces from soil self weight
DsH = horizontal stress
AASHTO 11.10.6.2.1-1
Reinforcement Tensile
Resistance
Tmax Tal R c
Tal = Nominal long-term
reinforcement design strength
= Resistance factor for tensile
resistance
AASHTO 11.10.6.4.1-1
Resistance Factors for Tensile
Resistance
Metallic Strip Reinforcement
Reinforcement Static loading 0.75
Combined static/earthquake loading 1.00
Grid Reinforcement
Static loading 0.65
Combined static/earthquake loading 0.85