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Fire triangle
The triangle illustrates the rule that in
order to ignite and burn, a fire
requires three elements: heat, fuel,
and an oxidizing agent, usually
oxygen. The fire is prevented or
extinguished by removing any one of
them. A fire naturally occurs when the
elements are combined in the right
mixture
Water System
To fight a fire we use a water system which pumping water in high
pressure through special nozzle or sprinklers.
Water system Applications
Source
Pump of water
Station
Pipe
network
Water System
Water System
Water System
1. Source of water
3. Water storage tank will be made from metal ,PVC and concrete.
1. Flow rate
2. Head
Pump Station
The fire Pump manufacturers make some
modification in impeller to increase the flow rate
at the same head.
Pump stations
Fittings:
According to the material
Supports (Hangers):
According to the application
PIPE
Pipe or tube shall meet or exceed one of the standards in Table
Steel Pipe Welded or Roll-
Grooved
Standard weight pattern cast-iron fittings 2 in. (51 mm) in size and smaller
shall be permitted where pressures do not exceed 300 psi (20.7 bar).
Standard weight pattern malleable iron fittings 6 in. (152 mm) in size and
smaller shall be permitted where pressures do not exceed 300 psi (20.7 bar).
1. Hangers shall be designed to support five times the weight of the water-
filled pipe plus 250 lb (114 kg) at each point of piping support.
3. The spacing between hangers shall not exceed the value given for the type
of pipe as indicated in Table 9.2.2.1.
Grid Networks
Used in open space
Tree Networks
Reducing the cost but increase fittings,