In a three-tier architecture, there are three interacting tiers with specific responsibilities: a client tier, an application server tier, and a database tier. This architecture has advantages like business logic being easy to implement and centrally enforce on the application server tier, improving performance. However, it also has disadvantages like being more complex to set up and maintain than two-tier architectures.
In a three-tier architecture, there are three interacting tiers with specific responsibilities: a client tier, an application server tier, and a database tier. This architecture has advantages like business logic being easy to implement and centrally enforce on the application server tier, improving performance. However, it also has disadvantages like being more complex to set up and maintain than two-tier architectures.
In a three-tier architecture, there are three interacting tiers with specific responsibilities: a client tier, an application server tier, and a database tier. This architecture has advantages like business logic being easy to implement and centrally enforce on the application server tier, improving performance. However, it also has disadvantages like being more complex to set up and maintain than two-tier architectures.
In the beginning, there were mainframes. Every program
and piece of data was stored in a single almighty machine. Users could access this centralized Computer only by means of dumb Terminals. Two Tier Architecture In this architecture, there is an application running in the client machine which interacts with the servermost commonly , a database Management system. Client act as Front End and server act as Back End Implementation of business rules either on front End or Back End. Advantages Simple structure Easy to setup and maintain Disadvantages Complex application rules difficult to implement in database server requires more code for the client
Complex application rules difficult to implement in
client and have poor performance
Changes to business logic not automatically enforced
by a server changes require new client side software to be distributed and installed
Not portable to other database server platforms
Three Tier Architecture In a three-tier architecture (also known as a multi-tier architecture), there are three or more interacting tiers, each with its own specific responsibilities (see Figure ): Advantages
Complex application rules easy to implement in
application server
Business logic off-loaded from database server
and client, which improves performance
Changes to business logic automatically enforced
by server changes require only new application server software to be installed Disadvantages
More complex structure
More difficult to setup and maintain.
DATA WAREHOUSING (DWH)
A data warehouse is a collection of data
extracted from the operational or transactional systems in a business, transformed to clean up any inconsistencies in identification coding and definition, and then arranged to support rapid reporting and analysis. Reasons for a Data Warehouse You want to clean up the quality of the data to give consistency and data integrity. Many systems do not have strict input validation and garbage gets in ... duplicates e.g. same customer entered more than once. Also there often different definitions for the same subject or entity within the business e.g. customer, client, prospect.
Most data warehouses are built using database
management software systems with the internal data structure of a warehouse usually taking two forms - star or snowflake Reasons for a Data Warehouse contd There are a few more reasons why a data warehouse should exist: You want to integrate data across functions or systems to provide a complete picture of the data subject e.g. customer orders, customer complaints, salespersons. To do this on the fly or run, would be time coming and performance of your BI system would be poor. You do not want to interfere with the fast performing transaction systems by running large computer resource queries and reports whilst routine users and possibly customers are executing the essential business transactions. You want to reorganize the data to support fast reporting and querying. Applications of data warehousing OLAP : to anlyze complex data from the data warehouse. DSS : Also called as EIS ,supports an organizations leading decision makers with higher level data for complex and important decisions. OLTP: includes insertion , updation and deletion of data online , while also supporting information query requirements. DATA MINING Data mining, the extraction of hidden predictive information from large databases, is a powerful new technology with great potential to help companies focus on the most important information in their data warehouses. Data mining tools predict future trends and behaviors, allowing businesses to make proactive, knowledge-driven decisions. DATA MINING contd Most companies already collect and refine massive quantities of data. Data mining techniques can be implemented rapidly on existing software and hardware platforms to enhance the value of existing information resources, and can be integrated with new products and systems as they are brought on-line
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