Ship Theory

(Teori Bangunan Kapal 606209A)

7th meeting: TRIM

Even Semester 2015/2016

Adi Wirawan Husodo

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 Trim is also known as
longitudinal stability
Trim is measured as the
difference between the draft
forward and aft.
If difference is zero ship
is on even keel
If forward draft is greater
than aft draft trimming
by bow
If aft draft is greater than
forward draft trimming
by stern

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 Consider a ship to be floating at
rest still water and on an even
keel (fig 15.1)
Now let a weight w, already on
board, be shifted aft through a
distance d. The center of gravity
of the ship will shift from G to G1,
parallel to the shift of center of
gravity of the weight shifted.

GG1= (w x d)/W
W x GG1=w x d.trimming
moment

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 When trimmed (fig 15.2), the wedge of
buoyancy LFL1 emerges and wedge
WFW1 is immersed
The volume of immersed wedge = the
volume of emerged wedges
F , the point which the ship trim, is the
center of gravity of water plane area
(center of flotation or tipping centre)
ML (longitudinal metacentre) is the point
of intersection between verticals through
the longitudinal positions of centre of
buoyancy. The vertical distance between
the center of gravity and the longitudinal
metacentre is called longitudinal
metacenrric height (GML)

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Moment to change Trim one cm
(MCT 1 cm)
Moment required to change trim by 1 cm
MCT 1 cm = (W x GML)/100L
W : vessels displacement, ton
GML : long. Metacentric height, m
L : Vessels length, m
Fig 15.3 (a) ship in equilibrium
Fig 15.3 (b) weight w is shifted through d
distance. The center of gravity will shift from G to
G1
Causing the trimming moment of W x GG1

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Moment to change Trim one cm (MCT 1 cm)

See fig 15.3 (c)

The ship will trim to bring the centre of gravity and
buoyancy into the same vertical line the ship is
again in equilibrium
The tipping centre (F) is l metre from aft
GG1 = (w x d)/W = GML tan
tan =(w x d)/(W x GML)

tan = t/L.fig 15.4.(b)

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Moment to change Trim one cm (MCT 1 cm)
Let the change of trim due to shifting is 1 cm
Then w x d is the moment to change trim 1 cm
tan = 1/100 L
But
tan =(w x d)/(W x GML)
tan = MCT 1 cm/(W x GML)
MCT 1 cm/(W x GML) = 1/100 L

MCT 1 cm = (W x GML)/100 L

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 To find the change of draft due to change of trim

Trim will cause a change in the

draft forward and draft aft. One
will be increased and one will
decreased.
A is a new draft aft, F is a new draft
forward. Trim = A-F
x is the change of draft aft, y is the
change draft forward
See the triangles WW1F1 and
WW1C

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To find the change of draft due to change of trim
x cm t cm

lm Lm
l m x t cm
x cm
Lm
Change of draft aft in cm
= (l/L) x Change of trim in cm
l = distance F from aft, m
L = ships length, m
x+y=t
Change of draft F in cm = Change of trim Change of draft A

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The effect of shifting weight already on board
A ship 126 m long is floating at draft of 5.5 m F and 6.5 m A. The centre of
flotation is 3 m aft of amidships. MCT 1 cm = 240 ton. m, displacement 6000
tons. Find the new drafts if a weight 120 ton already on board is shifted forward
a distance of 45 m.

Trimming moment =wxd

= 120 x 45
= 5400 ton m by the head
Change of trim = trimming moment/MCT 1 cm
= 5400/240
= 22.5 cm by the head
Change of draft aft = (l/L) x Change of trim
= (60/126) x 22.5
= 10.7 cm

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The effect of shifting weight already on board

Change of draft Forward = Change of trim Change of draft Aft

= 22.5 10.7
= 11.8 cm

Original draft 6.500 m A 5.500 m F

Change due trim -0.107 m +0.118 m
New draft 6.393 m 5.618 m

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The effect of loading and/or discharging weight
When a weight is loaded at the centre of flotation it will produce no
trimming moment, but the ships draft will increase uniformly so that the
ship displaces an extra weight of water equal to the weight loaded. If the
weight is now shifted forward or aft away from the center of flotation, it
will cause a change of trim. cause both the bodily sinkage and a change
of trim
When a weight is being discharged, if the weight is first shifted to the
centre of flotation it will produce a change of trim, and if it is then
discharged from the centre of flotation, the ship will rise bodily.
TPC = the mass which must be
w loaded or discharged to change
Bodily sinkage or rise cm the ships mean draft by 1 cm
TPC
(ton)
WPA
TPC ton
97.56
WPA = water plane area, m2

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The effect of loading and/or discharging weight
A ship 90 m long is floating at drafts 4.5 m F and 5.0 m A. The centre of flotation is 1.5
m aft of amidships. TPC 10 tons. MCT 1 cm is 120 ton m. Find the new drafts if a total
weight of 450 tons is loaded in a position 14 m forward of amidships

Bodily sinkage = w/TPC Change of trim = trim moment/MCT 1 cm

= 450/10 = (450 x 15.5)/120
= 45 cm = 58.12 cm by the head
Change of draft aft = (l/L) x Change of trim
= (43.5/90) x 58.12
= 28.09 cm
Change of draft Forward = Change of trim Change of draft Aft
= 58.12 28.09
= 30.03 cm

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The effect of loading and/or discharging weight

Original draft 5.000 m A 4.500 m F

Bodily sinkage + 0.450 m + 0.450 m
5.450 m 4.950 m

Change due trim - 0.281 m + 0.300 m

NEW DRAFT 5.169 m A 5.250 m F

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 Thank You

11/16/2017
2014/2015 Odd Semester 15 15