REPORT IN ENGLISH-02A

Group 4
WRITING THE RESEARCH PAPER
A research paper presents an original thesis,
or purpose statement, about a topic and develops
that thesis with information gathered from a
variety of sources. ... And you may want to show
the results of your research to your friends, your
teachers, or even the editors of magazines and
journals.
Choosing a Researchable Topic
Guidelines in Choosing a
researchable Topic
1. The topic must be within your line of interest.
2. The topic must be limited into one area of
knowledge.
3. The topic must be reachable.
4. The topic must be distinctive.
5. The topic must be interesting.
6. The topic must be flexible in nature.
 Sample of Researchable Topic
1) Broad : Business Enterprise
Specific: Problems in Managing a Small
Business
2) Broad : Political Issue
Specific : The Amendment of 1987
Constitution
3) Broad : Educational System
Specific : The Effect of Bilingualism in the
Teaching Grammar
1) Broad : Mass Communication
Specific : The Role of Print Media in Nation
Building
2) Broad : Information Technology
Specific : The internet as a Modern Form of
Communication
Preparing a Working Bibliography
Classification of Sources of Information

1. Primary Sources - The information or data

are obtain directly from the sources through
an interview, survey, observation or other
forms which are classified as first hand
sources.
2. Secondary Sources The information or data
are obtain directly from the research
projects, related studies, scholarly works, and
other printed materials which are classified
as second hand sources.
 Format in Preparing
a Working Bibliography
1. Format for Books

1.1
The first information to be rooted as the
author, the last name first, then the given
name follows. If a book has two or more
authors, the second one and the succeeding
authors are written with their given name
first.
1.2
The second information is the title of the
book. Underline or italicize it.

1.3
The third information is the fact about the
publication (place, followed by a collon
(;) ; publisher, followed by a comma (,) ; and
year of publication.
 Format for Articles

The format for working bibliography

for articles is the same as that for
books except for the following:
 2.1
Enclosure of the title of an article with double
quotation marks.
2.2
Use commas, instead of periods, to separate
information except after the name of the author.
2.3
The arrangement of information varies for the
following:
for magazine volume, (date), page numbers
for newspaper date, page numbers
For encyclopedia year, volume, page
numbers
Sample of Working Bibliography
Books

1.1 One Author

Aquibno Gaudencio V. Fundamentals or

Research. Mandaluyong City: National
Bookstore, 1992.
1.2 Two Authors

Claderon, Jose F. and Expectaion C. Gonzales.

Methods or Research and Thesis Writing.
Mandaluyong City: National Bookstore, 1993.
1.3 Three Authors

Manlapaz, Andrea C, Eloiza N. Francisco, and

Romeo L. Manlapaz. The Anvil Guide to
Research Writing. Pasig City:
Ancil Publishing, Inc, 1998.
1.4 More than Three Authors

Espina, Felicidad P. et al. A Manual in English

Composition.San juan: Philippine Educators
Publishing Co, Inc, 1997.
 Articles
2.1 Articles from Magazine

Villafuerte, Nelly F. Archeological Sites

Philippine Panorama. Vol. 27, (January 25,
1998), p.32.
2.2 Articles for Newspaper

Buelva, Alma. Championing E-Government,

The Philippine Star, March 5, 2004, p. 84.
2.3 Articles from Encyclopedia

Markowitz, William. Time Measurement and

Determination, Encyclopedia American.
1965, Vol.26, pp. 631-633
Collecting information from
Reference
 Pointers in Collecting information from
References
1. Skim the book / passage to find out what topics are related to
your chosen topic.

2. Write the subject of the note at the top of each note card as your
heading.

3. Write the Authors name, title of your source, and the page
number where you found the information.

4. Do not copy information word for word, instead think about what
you are reading and write your notes in your own words.

5. Enclosure with double quotation marks some note that are copied
word for word like definitions, principles, laws, and theories.
Sample Brief Notes
Source
Helmets comes in more styles, shapes, and prices than
most shops handle. As I write this, there are at least a
hundred models on the market competing for your
attention. Average weight is about 9 ounces though
some are as light as 6 or 7 ounces.
________________________________________
James C. Mc Cullagh. Cycling for Health, Fitness and
Well being. 182-183. New York. Dell Publishing, 1995
 Brief Notes

Helmets
Different styles (This might encourage young people to wear
them)
Many weight less than ten ounces.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------
James C. Cullagh. Cycling for Health, Fithness and Well-being,
182-183. New York:
Dell Publishing, 1995
 Types of Outline
1. Topic Outline the idea is stated in a simple
word or phrase

2. Sentence Outline the idea is expressed in a

form of a sentence.

3. Paragraph Outline the idea is written in a

paragraph form.
 Preparing an Outline
1. Start the outline with the title of the research paper.
2. Place a period after each number or letter.
3. Capitalize the first word in each line.
4. Use indention to indicate importance.
5. Express coordinate ideas in parallel form.
6. Include at least two sub-ideas under each main idea.
7. Cover the subject completely.
 Sample of An Outline

Bicycle Safety
I. Introduction
II. Traffic Rules
2. Writing the Body of the Paper
2.1 Limit subject heading to the main divisions
indicated in your outline.
2.2 Use traditional devices between paragraphs.
2.3 Avoid writing series of brief paragraphs that do
not discuss points related to the topic.
2.4 Explain any concepts or technical term used in
the paper.
2.5 Maintain an Objective tone throughout the
paper.
3. Writing the Conclusion
3.1 Restate the thesis of your entire paper by
summarizing the main points developed in the
body of the paper.
3.2 keep the conclusion brief. again in proportion to
the rest of the paper.
 Documentation of the Borrowed
Materials
1. Footnote
a citation placed at the bottom of a page,
acknowledging the source of an idea or
quotation or giving a brief explaination to a
word or phrase used in the text.
 Sample Footnote

Many manufacturers produce helmets in

attractive designs and styles, and helmets are
now much lighter than they used to be
_____________________________________
James C. Cullagh. Cycling for Health, Fithness
and Well-being, 182-183. New York:
Dell Publishing, 1995 p.8.
2. Parenthetical Note - a citation in which the
author;s surname followed by the page
number is written in parenthesis right after
the the passage of quotation.
 Sample Parenthetical Note

Many manufacturers produce helmets in

attractive designs and styles, and helmets are
now much lighter than they used to be.
(Mc Cullagh, p.8)
3. Final Bibliography a list references that
actually yielded information to the
researcher.
The content and format of a final
bibliography are the same in working /
tentative bibliographt, ecept for the
following:
1. Final bibliographt uses under hung indention.
2. Final bibliographical entries are arranged
alphabetically according to the authors
surname or the initial letter of the first word
of the title, excluding articles a,an, and
the.
 Sample of Final Bibliography

A Consumers Guide to Bicycle Helmets. Bicycle

Helmets Safety Institute. March 8, 1998. Bicycle
Helmets Safety Institute. July 15, 1998
Fine, Kenneth C. Bicycle Safety. The Columbia
University of Physicians and Surgeons
Complete Home Medical Guide.
Mc Cullagh, James C.
Cycling for Health, Fitness and well being.
New York: Dell Publishing, 1995.
Pessah, Jon. Bicycle Helmets Are as important
As seat Belts in Preventing Injuries. But How
Do You Convince to Wear Them? Newsday,
November 20, 1993, p.21.
Rathbun, Mickey. Play it Safe! What is the best
Armor Against Kids Sports Injuries?
An Informed Parent. Sports Illustrated for
kids, May 1 1998, p. 10.
Shepherd, Ron. Cycling. Encyclopedia of World
Sport: From Ancient Times to the Present,
1996 ed.