Professional Documents
Culture Documents
21 APRIL 2016
Agenda
1.0 An Introduction
Presenter: Amy Rashidah Rosli | 2013509495
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2.0 Use in Media Communications
Presenter: Zetty Zuraidah Md Yusof | 2014228808
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3.0 Practices in Malaysia
Presenter: Ahmad Rafiq Ab Kadir | 2014467378
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4.0 Conclusion
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1.0
AN INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL
IMAGING & PHOTOGRAPHY
Definitions
Digital: All computerized data is digital,
meaning that it has been reduced to digits, or
numbers. A computer transmits these numbers
as electrical signals.
Imaging: The act or process of recording
or producing an image, esp. by electronic
means, as in radar, ultrasound, CT scan,
computer graphics, etc.,
Digital Imaging: The capture and
production of an image of an object, either on o The digital image is sampled and mapped as a
film or on a computerized display, where it can grid of dots or picture elements (pixels).
be reformatted and analysed. o Each pixel is assigned a tonal value (black,
Photography: The process or art of white, shades of grey or colour), which is
producing images of objects on sensitized represented in binary code (zeros and ones).
surfaces by the chemical action of light or of o The binary digits ("bits") for each pixel are
other forms of radiant energy stored in a sequence by a computer and often
Digital Photography: A form of reduced to a mathematical representation
photography that uses cameras containing (compressed).
arrays of electronic photodetectors to capture o The bits are then interpreted and read by the
images focused by a lens, as opposed to an computer to produce an analogue version for
exposure on photographic film. display or printing.
Introduction
Digital imaging and photography, in general are of two distinct areas of study. However, they are much
inter-related to each other. These technologies become popular and really useful in people daily lives.
They are also not for social lives only, yet have vast areas to be developed more.
Imaging is integral to the human experience from the personal photographs that we take every day to the
professional ones used in:
Video: video from camcorders, digital video streams, and other sources of
video can be used to create still images that can be edited and used in multimedia
production.
Internet: images on the Internet that are already in digital format. Many of
those images can be used for development purposes, especially educational
purposes.
History of Photography
Photography Process
Image Acquisition
Image is composed and shutter released
Light hits the sensors and each receives a slightly different amount of light.
In response to light, each CCD produces and electronic charge - the more light, the bigger the charge.
The sensors are filtered with RGB.
The electronic pulse are collated, converted to digital information and stored according to their position
on the CCD. This uses a special chip called an ADC chip.
This information is stored on the cameras memory card and the camera is ready to take another shot.
Photo Editing
Image editing: the processes of altering images, whether they are digital photographs, traditional
photochemical photographs, or illustrations.
Traditional analogue image editing is known as photo retouching, using tools such as an airbrush to
modify photographs, or editing illustrations with any traditional art medium.
Graphic software programs, broadly grouped into vector graphics editors, raster graphics editors, and
3D modellers, are the primary tools to manipulate, enhance, and transform images.
Top 5 photo/image editing software based on review. Top 5 photo/image editor apps on iOS and Android.
Photo Sharing
Photo sharing: the publishing or transfer of a user's digital photos online.
Photo-sharing websites offer services such as uploading, hosting, managing and sharing of photos
(publicly or privately).
The term can also be loosely applied to the use of online photo galleries that are set up and managed
by individual users, including photoblogs - a form of photo sharing and publishing in the format of a
blog.
User: 92,000,000 User: 400,000,000 User: 100,000,000 User: 45,000,000 User: 100,000,000
Social network photo sharing: Facebook surpassed 250 billion photos in 2013.
Critics of photo-sharing on social media thought the behaviours portrayed on these sites could
potentially be linked to the narcissism trait.
Keen (2007) is of the opinion that people use social-media platforms because they are interested
in advertising themselves.
Buffardi and Campell (2008) alleged that social media offers "a gateway for self-promotion via
self-descriptions, vanity via photos, and a large amount of shallow relationships.
Photography Industry Landscape
Use of Digital Photography
It can be treated as data. The capability to take, scan,
manipulate, disseminate or store images in a digital
format has created major changes in the communication
technology industry.
Lesser Better
cost storage
If you try to enhance or correct separate digital If you are adding photographic elements to a
elements like brightness, contrast, size, or colour photo like duplicating items or combining
in one single photo then you are doing photo elements from different photos into a new one
editing. then you are doing photo manipulation
In October 2014, FBI searched a house in Chicago and seized several computers, cell phones and
storage drives after tracking the source of the hacking to an IP address linked to an individual named
Emilio Herrera.
In March 2016, Ryan Collins of Pennsylvania agreed to plead guilty to one count of unauthorized access
to a protected computer to obtain information resulting in a 18-month sentence.
Privacy Concern (cont.)
User Privacy Policy
You are solely responsible for your conduct and any data, text, files,
information, usernames, images, graphics, photos, profiles, audio and video
clips, sounds, musical works, works of authorship, applications, links and other
content or materials (collectively, "Content") that you submit, post or display on
or via the Service (Instagram, 2016).
Your privacy is very important to us. We designed our Data Policy to make
important disclosures about how you can use Facebook to share with others
and how we collect and can use your content and information. We encourage
you to read the Data Policy, and to use it to help you make informed decisions
(Facebook, 2016).
Points to Ponder:
Should users be able to trust privacy settings?
Are social media platforms responsible for ensuring that the deletion-delay issue is solved, and
do ethics suggest that they should be more transparent when communicating privacy and
security issues to users?
Who is accountable when security gaps are identified: the user - with the option to censor his or
her posts - or the provider, who is equipped with more knowledge than the average end user?
How Photography Influence Mass Culture
Created profession of
photojournalism
Semiotics Constructivism
The science of signs and symbols. Three kinds: When we look at anything, we have to piece it
Iconic Symbolic Indexical together. We do this through a series of rapid eye
movements that assemble a blueprint of what were
looking at, while at the same time comparing the
results to memory and past associations.
Digital Imaging & Photography in New
Media
New Media: 21st Century catchall term used to define all that is related to the internet and the interplay
between technology, images and sound.
We're taking more snaps - The main impact of digital is the sheer number of photographs being taken.
In the week of the royal British wedding, a survey projected that some 327 million pictures relating
to the event were likely to be taken on digital cameras.
People are better photographers - Digital camera has automated the whole procedure which,
alongside developments in autofocus technology, makes it harder but not impossible to take a
technically problematic picture.
Digital Imaging & Photography in New
Media
Citizen journalism - Ubiquitous digital cameras turn events that in themselves would be a small story
into a worldwide phenomenon.
Without the camera phone, internet sensations like the bungee jumper who survived her fall into
the Zambezi would have been less likely to have been captured.
We're all archivists - Technology firms have introduced technology that effectively means our pictures
now sit in their software with programmes like Facebook's Timeline or Apple's iPhoto.
Online Photography Communities
Images generate large amount of interest. Photo communities gather not just photographers
and amateur enthusiast but also free-thinking audience to help create a productive dialogue. Any of
these photo networking spaces actually makes connections, they help start interactive followings to
learn new things and get creative viewpoints from talented people.
The Photobucket community gives you not only the opportunity to upload and
share your photos, but also the chance to collaborate together with friends and
families in a single group album.
Facebooks 2014 ad campaign is, Taco Bells campaigns has been The McDonalds ad exemplified
appropriately, almost entirely generating buzz and hipster here bring the viewer into a space
founded on social media appeal among the millennial that is intimate through varying
photographic principles, but with demographic. visual cues. McDonalds is playing
added creativity and artistry. The sample ad incorporates off of a common cultural practice of
In the reunion tour ad shown several classic Instagram photo utilizing or relying on public Wi-Fi,
here, the creators have leveraged features: food, fashionably painted often while alone, in a business
symbols of the concert or festival nails, and an enticing caption. establishment.
culture. It is also captured in a close-up The viewer of the ad can relate to
The image is greatly inspired by shot, which the Instagram platform the image with just a glimpse of
the common festival-goers is intended for; it is not meant for the models hands and forearms.
Instagram photos the haze, the panoramic views or large group A feeling of isolation, yet
sunlight, the youthful crowd are photos it is meant to capture the satisfaction is portrayed; the
all symbolic of a concert. little details and highlights of a viewer has been in this situation
users everyday life. and can feel what is being
expressed.
Digital Imaging & Photography in
Journalism
Photojournalism: a particular form of journalism (the collecting, editing, and presenting of news
material for publication or broadcast) that employs images in order to tell a news story.
The beginning of modern photojournalism took place in 1925, in Germany with
the invention of the first 35 mm camera, the Leica.
The first flash bulbs in 1927 allowed the journalist true flexibility in taking pictures.
Another invention originally from Germany, the photojournalism magazine - in the 1920s, editors and
photographers worked together to produce an actual story told by pictures and words, or captions.
o The Berliner Illustrirte Zeitung was the first to pioneer the format of the
illustrated news magazine. Beginning in 1901, it began to print photographs
inside the magazine, a revolutionary innovation.
o It pioneered the photo-essay, had a specialised staff and production unit for
pictures and maintained a photo library. It also introduced the use of candid
photographs taken with the new smaller cameras.
o The magazine sought out reporters who could tell a story using
photographs; notably Martin Munkcsi, the first staff photographer, and
Erich Salomon, one of the founders of photojournalism.
The combination of photography and journalism, or photojournalism - a term coined by Frank Luther
Mott, historian and dean of the University of Missouri School of Journalism - really became familiar after
World War II.
Photojournalism (cont.)
Depending on the application and intent, some photo manipulations are considered an art form because
it involves the creation of unique images and in some instances, signature expressions of art by
photographic artists.
In the 1970s, artist Nirmala Dutt Shanmughalingam began to make use of documentary photography
in her address of social and environmental issues.
The late 70s and 1980s heralded the emergence of photographers with highly individualised visions,
including Ismail Hashim and Eric Peris, whose diverse practices have often been vaguely classified as
fine art photography.
When Liew Kung Yu and Soraya Yusof Talismail emerged in the early 1990s, they directed their
experiments against the conservatism that had engulfed Pictorialism and much of fine art photography.
In the last decade, the photographic works of Yee I-Lann and Wong Hoy Cheong have been given due
prominence. They shy away from being called photographers, labelling themselves as artists who use
photography to address issues ranging from the politicisation of race to the retrieval of obscured stories.
History of Photography in Malaysia
As an international movement, Pictorialism, or Salon photography, emerged in the second half of the
19th century, driven by a desire among photographers to achieve parity with painters. The manipulation
of original exposures was celebrated as a means of highlighting the creative potential of photography.
When the movement arrived in Malaya during the colonial era, some of the Chinese immigrant
photographers assimilated it with the traditions of ink painting; a few of their photographs mimicked
scroll paintings and featured calligraphy.
Social documentary made significant progress in Malaya during the 50s when HRH Sultan Ismail was
most active as a photographer. Social documentary focuses on the experiences of people while striving
to produce symbolic representations of the cultural moment.
@iantehphotography
Ian Tehs works feature social,
environment and political issues.
@razlany
Hairul Azizi Harun, Winner, Split Second, Razlan Yusofs features a mix of
Open Competition, 2014 fashion, street, editorial, travel as well
as film photography making.
@azimzainuddin
Azim Zainuddins feeds filled with
landscape shots and travel portraits.
@davehagerman
Penang-based photographer, David
Hagerman share extraordinary shots
Nick Ng, 1st Place, Low Light, Open Competition, of fairly ordinary routines, particularly
2015 Sony World Photography Awards in his #breakfastproject series.
Malaysia Personal Photos
Image-Obsessed Culture in Malaysia
Malaysian love to share about them selves even about their family and matters.
Another favourite activity of Malaysian where food photos are mostly takes before they having the food
and share it in social media which provide various information seeking from others user.
Malaysia citizen
journalist
Citizen among journalists
taking photos of ex-PM
during Bersih 4.0
Digital Photography in Advertising:
Malaysia
Digital Photography in Advertising:
Malaysia
PM Najib has become target of ridicule from the public for his supposed
involvement in various national scandals, like the RM2.6 billion 'donation' he
admitted to have received into his personal accounts, and the alleged
mismanagement of 1MDB funds.
Photo Manipulation in Journalism:
Malaysia
The mainstream press disregard of the Bersih phenomenon reflected its abandoning of journalistic ethics and
its eroding commitment to truth and social responsibility.
The New Sunday Times (NST) graced its entire front page with a picture of presumably one of the
protesters, face masked and donning military fatigues, about to throw something into the air.
The same image was also used by sister newspaper in the Media Prima stable), Berita Minggu, with the
headline, KL tegang (KL tense), accompanying it. The picture caption stated: Seorang perusuh
membawa pisau dalam perhimpunan haram (A rioter brings a knife to illegal rally).
The man in question, Abdul Razak Endut, a member of Pas Unit Amal volunteer corps, claimed publicly
that he was only holding a Malaysian flag and not a knife as alleged by the newspapers front-page
photograph.
Photo Manipulation in Advertising:
Malaysia
Local advertisements still use
more photo editing than photo
manipulation
Original Photo
During the last ten years, the internet has become a new way to
socialise. The internet was once considered a great hangout for
nerds but now has become one of the most important
communication tools in the world.
A large element of this communication is the uploading,
sharing, and downloading of photographs.
Whether its sharing pictures of a wedding or taking photos
during a crisis, digital photography has completely changed
how people share their story
#notaholiday. This is strictly #photomanipulation!
THANK YOU