Low emission

profile

Alternative fuel Biodiesel Biodegradable and

non toxic

Environmental
beneficial
 To study the effect of the operating conditions such as
reaction temperature, molar ratio of methanol to oil and
catalyst amount that influence the yield of production of
rubber seed oil
To study the performance of the homogenous catalyst used
in the transesterification of non edible oil
 Large scale and continuous production of biodiesel
from edible oil has been issue because they compete
with food material.
The use of non edible oil for production of biodiesel
can minimize the cost and can contribute to the gross
domestic product while reducing expenditure over
imported fuels.
 Production of biodiesel from non edible oil using
homogeneous catalyst for the transesterification
process.

Evaluation of the effect of reaction parameters on the

yield and purity of biodiesel produced.
 Renewable fuel, obtained from vegetable oils or animal fats.
Low toxicity, in comparison with diesel fuel.
Degrades more rapidly than diesel fuel, minimizing the
environmental consequences of biofuel spills.
Lower emissions of contaminants: carbon monoxide, particulate
matter, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, aldehydes.
Lower health risk, due to reduced emissions of carcinogenic
substances.
No sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions.
Higher ash point (100C minimum).
May be blended with diesel fuel at any proportion; both fuels
may be mixed during the fuel supply to vehicles.
Used cooking oils and fat residues from meat processing may be
used as raw materials.
 Slightly higher fuel consumption due to the lower caloric
value of biodiesel.
Slightly higher nitrous oxide (NOx) emissions than diesel
fuel.
Higher freezing point than diesel fuel. This may be
inconvenient in cold climates.
It is less stable than diesel fuel, and therefore long-term
storage (more than six months) of biodiesel is not
recommended.
May degrade plastic and natural rubber gaskets and hoses
when used in pure form, in which case replacement with
Teon components is recommended.
 A catalyst is a substance that changes the rate of
reaction without emerging in any of the product of
that reaction. The main purpose of the catalyst is to
speed up or slow down a reaction. A catalyst alters the
rate at which equilibrium is completed for a reversible
reaction and it does not alter the position of
equilibrium
Homogenous catalysis is the arrangement of reactions
that involve a catalyst in the same phase of the
reactants
Therefore, a heterogeneous catalyst is a in different
phase from the reactants
Type of catalyst Advantages
Homogeneous base - Avoid the reformation of
catalyst water during
transesterification process.
-Faster reaction rate.
-Cost effective method for
biodiesel production.
- Economically feasible and
widely available
Heterogeneous base -The catalyst can be
Catalyst recovered.
-Easy to dissemble from
product.
-Faster reaction rate.
-High lifespan of catalyst
-Occur at moderate reaction
condition
Homogeneous acid - reluctant to FFA and water
Catalyst content in oil
both esterification and
transesterification react
altogether.
- increase yield of biodiesel.
Disadvantages
- Vulnerable to FFA content
in oil.
- Saponicafion can appear if
the amount of FFA content is
exceed 2 wt% and will reduce
the biodiesel yield
-Air-borne harms
-Sensitive to FFA content in
oil
-Saponicafion can appear if
the amount of FFA content is
exceed 2 wt% and will reduce
the biodiesel yield
-Cause to equipment
corrosion.
-Low reaction rate.
-Difficult separation of
catalyst from product.
Type of catalyst Advantages disadvantages
Heterogeneous acid -reluctant to FFA and -Costly
catalyst water content in oil -Low reaction rates
both esterification and -Undesirable side
transesterification react reaction
altogether. -Require high energy
-Recyclable
-Easy to separate from
product
Enzyme catalyst -Lessen the risk of -Slower reaction rate
saponification to occur. -Costly
-Simple purification -Alcohol sensitive.
-Harmless toward -Yield of biodiesel decline
environment as a result of enzyme
inactivation and
denaturation.
 Sample preparation

Collect and dried under sun for 3

hours

Breaking the capsule to separate

shell and kernel

Dried kernel in oven for 24hours

Kernel were ground using blender

Ground rubber seed was taken into

the oven for overnight
 Transesterification

Methanol and KOH was mixed and heated until

dissolved

10g of ground rubber seed was added to mixture

and heated to 60 celcius for 120min

The product was filtered using filter paper and

separate the excess alcohol

First stage, to obtain reaction time. 3g KOH and

ratio of raw material to methanol (1:6) and every
15 minutes was analyzed until constant
condition
2nd stage, experiment was investigated with catalyst
concentration of KOH about 1, 2, 3, and 4 (g). The
experiment was done in variable ratio of raw material
to methanol (1:6) and 120 minutes reaction time

3rd stage, the experiment was conducted about effect of

ratio of raw material to methanol i.e; 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, and
1:7 (w:v)

The FAMEs analysis was quantified using Gas

Chromatography

FAME yield = actual weight of biodiesel / theoretical

weight of biodiesel x 100%