CYCLONE SEPARATORS

Cuevas, Cape Caryl

Gontias, Jelian Grace
Lavadia, Ma. Elena
 Utilizes gravity and a vortex to remove
particulates from gaseous streams.
They are mostly used for removing
industrials dust from air or process gases.
Industrial cyclones are used in pollution
control applications most commonly as a
first stage, lower cost method for removing
larger particulate matter (PM) from
effluent gas streams.
OPERATION
Cyclone separators operate
by incorporating
centrifugal, gravitational,
and inertial forces to
remove fine particles
suspended in air or gas.
Driving force: centrifugal
force and difference in
specific gravity between
the particle and carrier
gas.
OPERATION
 ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Low capital cost High operating costs (due to pressure drop)

Low efficiencies (particularly for small

Ability to operate at high temperatures
particles)

Can handle liquid mists or dry materials Unable to process sticky materials

Low maintenance requirements

Small footprint requires relatively small

space
SPECIFICATIONS
SPECIFICATIONS
WHEN PARAMETER INCREASES, CYCLONE
PARAMETER
EFFICIENCY
Particle Size Increases
Particle density Increases
Dust loading Increases*
Inlet gas velocity Increases*
Cyclone body diameter Decreases

Ratio of cyclone body length to diameter Increases

Smoothness of cyclone inner wall Increases

Gas viscosity Decreases
Gas density Decreases
Gas inlet duct area Decreases
Gas exit pipe diameter Decreases
APPLICATIONS
Cyclones and centrifugal collectors are utilized in
various industries such as chemical, coal mining
and handling, combustion fly ash, metal melting,
metal working, metal mining, rock products,
plastics and wood products.
Common uses of cyclones and inertial separators
are the collection of grinding, crushing,
conveying, machining, mixing, sanding, blending
and materials handling dust and for particle
collection.
Types of Cyclone Separators

Single cyclone separators

Multiple cyclone separators
Single Cyclone Separator

create a dual vortex to

separate coarse from fine dust
Multi-cyclone Separator
Use centrifugal force to effectively remove solid particles and liquids from gas
without moving parts.
Consist of a number of small-diameter cyclones, operating in parallel and having
a common gas inlet and outlet.
Same operating principle as single-cyclone- create an outer downward vortex
and an ascending inner vortex.
Remove more dust than single-cyclone because the individual cyclones have a
greater length and a smaller diameter.
The pressure drop of multiple cyclone is higher than that of single-cyclone,
requiring higher energy.
Multi-cyclone Separator
Multi-cyclone dust collector / reverse air cleaning / with electrostatic
separator - 5 000 - 60 000 m/h | ReCyclone EH
PROCESS CONDITIONS
Air conditions- pressure (psig or psia), temperature (F or C), and
moisture content (weight or volume percent) at the inlet of the
cyclone.

Dust conditions- material type, specific gravity, bulk density (lb/ft3),

dust load (lb/hr or grains/ft3 air), and particle size distribution.

It is important to keep in mind that the centrifugal force (Fc) a

cyclone generates on a particle is related to the tangential air
velocity (vt), particle mass (m), and the particles radial distance
from the cyclone wall (r) by the function:
Fc = m vt2 / r
ACTUAL SPECIFICATIONS (BUHLER GROUP)
 (Cyclone structural size)
(Pressure Loss)

(coarse - fine
dust particles
for optimal
interpretation)

(Raw gas flowrate)

ACTUAL SPECIFICATIONS (CNP)

Brand Name: CNP Pressure: 420 - 1400 pa

Minimum 10 microns Wind out 180 - 630 mm dia.
Particle Size: pipe dia:
Air volume: 830 - 11400 m3 / h Weight: 120KGS, 35.4 -
600KGS
Height: 1360 - 4545mm Efficiency: 70 - 90%

Particle 2 400 g /m3 Wind inlet 12 - 20 m / s

concentration: speed:
REMOVAL EFFICIENCIES
MULTI-CYCLONE SEPARATORS (PEERLESS)
SOLIDS REMOVAL EFFICIENCIES:
100% of 8-micron particles
99% of 6- to 8-micron particles
90% of 4- to 6-micron particles
85% of 2- to 4-micron particles

LIQUID REMOVAL EFFICIENCIES:

Outlet gas will contain less than 0.10 gallon of entrained liquid per million
standard cubic feet of gas passed through the separator
100% of all droplets 8-microns in diameter and larger
Impingement
Separator
Definition
to strike or dash especially with a sharp
collision

Allows the particles to be removed to strike

some types of surface
Operation
which deflector plates or rods, normal to the direction of flow
of the stream, abruptly change the direction of flow.

The gas recovers its direction of motion more rapidly than the
particles because of its lower inertia. Suitably placed collectors
can then be arranged to collect the particles as they are thrown
out of the stream.

This is the principle of operation of mesh and fibrous air filters.

Basic Construction Type

Mesh
Plates (Flat/Curved/ Special shaped)
Packed Impingement Bed
WIRE MESH
stationary separator element of
knitted small diameter wire or
plastic material is formed of wire
0.003 in to 0.016 in diameter into
a pad of 4 in, 6in or 12 in thick and
serves as the impingement surface
for liquid particle separation

Solid particles must be flushed

through the mesh to prevent
plugging
 mesh thickness
Density
wire diameter
weave pattern
 Very low velocities will allow particles to drift through the
mesh and be carried out with the leaving vapor. Also, very
high velocities will carry liquid to the top of the mesh,
establish a flooding condition, and then re-entrain the
liquid from the surface of the mesh.

Good performance can be expected for all velocities from

30% to 100% of the optimum allowable design velocity.
PLATES
Chevron zig-zag style
 tolerate higher gas velocities, high liquid loading,
viscous liquids, relatively low pressure drops.
The collected liquid droplets run down on the plate
surfaces countercurrent to the up-flowing gas
stream.
Physical properties of the liquid and gas phases as
well as temperature and pressure and the amount of
entrained liquids and the expected particle size and
its distribution control the design and performance
of these units.
Remove particles of 12 to 15 microns.
Dry-Packed Impingement Bed

Not frequently used as the others

Consistsof a bed of granular particles or
ceramic packing, sometimes graduated in
size, operating dry as far as external liquid
application to aid in the separation.
 Mesh Plates Impingement
Bed
Pressure Drop 1-in 0.1-3 psi high
Efficiency 95% 97-99% 99%
Particle size 4-6 microns 15 microns 0.5-5 microns