Presentation by

A.GEORGE WESLEY
2017601803
 In any laboratory, the proper cleaning of the
glassware is the key to get the correct result.
Glassware falls into the following categories:
1.pyrex
2.corex
3.vycor
4.The low acitinic glass
5.flint glass
 Pyrex consists of borosilicate.
Borosilicate glass is free of zinc and heavy
metals.
These resist heat, corrosion, and thermal
damage.
These are very good for heating and
sterilization.
 Corex consists of aluminosilicate.
These are made strong chemically rather by
heat.
These are 6 times stronger than borosilicate
glass.
These are resistant to alkali and scratching.
This glass can withstand high heat, >250 C.
Examples are cylinders and centrifuge tubes.
 High silica like Vycor is acid and alkali
resistant.
These can withstand high temperature (heat
shock).
Can withstand extremes of acids and alkali.
These can be heated to 900 C.
These can withstand heat shock from 900 C
to 0 C.
 The low actinic glass is amber colored.
These are amber or red color glass.
Protects the serum from light.
Used to handle bilirubin, carotene, and
vitamin A.
 Flint glass has a high index of refraction.
These are soda lime glass consisting of
silicon, calcium, and sodium oxide.
These are the cheapest of all.
These are not resistant to high temperature.
Can not tolerate heat shock.
Resistant to the chemical is not strong.
This glass is easy to melt and shape it.
 The most important step is to keep the
glassware after use in 3% Lysol(or any other
disinfectant) solution for disinfection.
For suspicion of Tuberculosis use 1% sodium
hypochlorite. This can kill virus.
 In most of the big labs, glassware is washed
in three steps like:
1.Automatic washer.
2.Special rinsing cycle.
3.Automatic dryer (below 100).
The most common use is the chemicals.
Cleaning Basics:
1.Its generally easier to clean glassware if you do
it right away.
2.When detergent is used, can use commercially
available as Liquinox or Alconox.
The detergent should meet the following criteria:
Can soften the local water supply.
It should be able to remove organic material at a
temperature of 60 C.
It should have neutral pH after rinsing with water.
Glassware should free of the microbiological
organism after the following rinsing.
3.Much of the time, detergent, and tap water
are neither required nor desirable.
You can rinse the glassware with the proper
solvent.
Then finish up with a couple of rinses with
distilled water.
This is followed by final rinses with deionized
water.
 Water Soluble Solutions e.g., sodium chloride or sucrose
solutions.
1.Rinse 3-4 times with deionized water.
Water Insoluble Solutions.e.g., solutions in hexane or
chloroform. Rinse 2-3 times with ethanol or acetone.
1.Rinse 3-4 times with deionized water,
Strong Acids. e.g., concentrated HCl or H2SO4. wash
Under the fume hood.
1.Carefully rinse the glassware with copious volumes of
tap water.
2.Rinse 3-4 times with deionized water. Then let it dry.
 Strong Bases e.g., 6M NaOH or concentrated NH4OH.
Wash Under the fume hood.
1.Carefully rinse the glassware with copious volumes
of tap water.
2.Rinse 3-4 times with deionized water, then let it dry.
Weak Acids, e.g., acetic acid solutions or dilutions of
strong acids such as 0.1M or 1M HCl or H2SO4.
1.Rinse 3-4 times with deionized water and then let it
dry.
Weak Bases, e.g., 0.1M and 1M NaOH and NH4OH.Rinse
thoroughly with tap water to remove the base.
1.Then rinse 3-4 times with deionized water and let it
dry.
1. Rinse the glassware with the appropriate solvent.
2. Use deionized water for water-soluble contents.
Use ethanol for ethanol-soluble contents,
3. followed by rinses in deionized water.
4. Rinse with other solvents as needed, followed by
ethanol and finally deionized water.
5. If the glassware requires scrubbing, scrub with a
brush using hot soapy water, rinse thoroughly with
tap water, followed by rinses with deionized
water
1. Soak the glassware in soap solution for at
least 10 to 15 minutes or leave overnight.
2. Scrub with brush or cloth or sponge if
needed.
3. Rinse thoroughly with tap water.
4. Again rinse with distilled or deionized
water.
5. If you need soon this glassware then rinse
with acetone or ethanol.
1. If glassware is to be used immediately after
washing and must be dry.
2. Rinse it 2-3 times with acetone. This will remove
any water and will evaporate quickly.
3. This is not a great idea to blow air into glassware
to dry it.
4. Acetone may be used for a final rinse of sensitive
or urgently needed glassware as the solvent is
miscible with water, and helps dilute and wash
away remaining water from the glassware.
 The sterilization can be done by following methods
1. Dry Heat sterilization has limited value.
Prolonged exposure may cause damage.
2.Hot air oven where heat is transferred by
convection, conduction or radiation.
*The temperature of 100 C for one hour can destroy
the nonsporing organism. Fungal spores need 115 C
for one hour.
* While for other all bacteria 160 C temperature is
needed for one hour.
3.Moist heat is the most reliable method of
sterilization. This is the most lethal agent to kill
microorganism.
Microbial death is due to coagulation and
denaturation of the protein and enzyme.
Boiling is not effective to kill spore bearing bacteria
and for surgical instruments.
4. Steam sterilization or Tyndallization is exposure to
steam at 100 C for 90 minutes. This good means to
sterile the media which contain sugar.
5.The autoclave is heating water under pressure which
boils at progressively higher temperature. This method
is good for rubber material and surgical instruments.
6.Flaming when the material is wetted by alcohol and
then flamed. This method is rapid.
7.Ultraviolet light causes damage to bacteria.
8.Radiation in form of beta and gamma X Rays used for
the sterilization of glasswares.
9.Supersonic and ultrasonic waves, 9000 cycles per
seconds or above are used to rupture and disintegration
of the cells.
 Glassware should be cleaned as soon as possible.
In the case of delay, put the glassware in water.
In the case of late cleaning, the residue may not be
possible to remove.
New glassware which are slightly alkaline needs to
be soaked in acid water (1% HCl or HNO3) for
several hours before washing.
 http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/metabol
ic%20syndra
http://jcm.asm.org/content/38/6/2227.full
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/tmc/articles/
PMC312910
http://mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-
catilo...
http://healthengine.com.au/info/faecal-
reducing.su...
Thank you