Length Of Cures

Y A

ds
S
B

O a L M X
b
where a and b represent x, y, t, or θ-values as appropriate,
and ds can be found as follows.
1. In rectangular form(y=f(x) or x=g(y) ), use whichever of the following is
easier

i)

ii)

2. In parametric form ( x=x(t), y=y(t) )

3. In Polar form
 Surface Areas Of Revolution
Any Curve AB when revolves about any line L, the surface area
generated is

Y
B

A
Where ϱ is the perpendicular distance ϱ
from any point on the curve AB to the a b L
axis of revolution L.
The curve is restricted between a & b.

X
(a) Cartesian form
(i) Revolution about x-axis
Any Curve AB when revolves about X-axis, the surface area
generated is Y

A
y
Where y is the perpendicular distance a b X
from any point on the curve AB to the
axis of revolution X.
The curve is restricted between a & b.

X
ii) Revolution about y-axis
Any Curve AB when revolves about Y-axis, the surface area
generated is Y

Where x is the perpendicular distance

from any point on the curve AB to the A
axis of revolution Y.
X
The curve is restricted between a & b.
(b) Parametric form
(i) Revolution about x-axis
Any Curve AB when revolves about X-axis, the surface area
generated is Y

A
y
Where y is the perpendicular distance a b X
from any point on the curve AB to the
axis of revolution X.
The curve is restricted between a & b.

X
 (ii) Revolution about y-axis
Any Curve AB when revolves about y-axis, Y

the surface area generated is B

b

a A
Where x is the perpendicular distance
from any point on the curve AB to the
X
axis of revolution x.
The curve is restricted between a & b.
(C) Polar form
(i)Revolution about ⊖=0 line
Any Curve AB when revolves about X-axis, the surface area
generated is

θ= θ2

θ= θ1
Where y(⊖)=r Sin⊖. ⊖=0
The curve is restricted between a & b.

X
(C) Polar form
(i)Revolution about line
Any Curve AB ( )when revolves about line, the surface area
generated is

θ= θ2

θ= θ1
Where x(⊖)=r Cos⊖. ⊖=0
The curve is restricted between a & b.

X
 Volume Of Revolution
When area under the curve AB revolves about any line L, the volume
generated is

Y
B

A
Where ϱ is the perpendicular distance ρ
from any point on the curve AB to the a b L
axis of revolution L.
The curve is restricted between a & b.

X
i) Revolution about x-axis
When area under the curve AB revolves about x-axis, the volume
generated is
Y

A
Where y is the perpendicular distance Y
from any point on the curve AB to the a b X
axis of revolution X.
The curve is restricted between a & b.
ii) Revolution about y-axis
When area under the curve AB revolves about Y-axis, the volume
generated is Y

B
x
x
Where x is the perpendicular distance
from any point on the curve AB to the A
axis of revolution Y.
X
The curve is restricted between a & b along y-axis.
(C) Polar form
(i)Revolution about ⊖=0 line
Any Curve AB(r=f(⊖)) when revolves about ⊖=0 line, the volume
generated is
A

θ= θ2
B
θ= θ1
⊖=0
(C) Polar form
(i)Revolution about line
Any Curve AB ( )when revolves about line, the surface area
generated is
A

θ= θ2
B

θ= θ1
⊖=0