PORTS AND

HARBORS
Specifications
A PORT is a facility for receiving ships
and transferring cargo. They are
usually situated at the edge of an
ocean, sea, river, or lake. Ports often
have cargo handling equipment such
as cranes (operated by long
shoremen) and forklifts for use in
loading/unloading of ships, which may
be provided by private interests or
public bodies.
SCOPE OF WORK
A. EXTENSION OF CAUSEWAY

AGGREGATE BASE COURSE. This item covers the laying

of 0.20m. thick aggregate base course and should be
spread and compacted prior to the pouring of Portland
Cement Concrete Pavement.

PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT. This item

covers the supply of labor, materials and equipment
necessary in laying 0.20 m. thick concrete pavement
along the proposed rock causeway. Design strength for
concrete structure shall be 3500 psi. Supply fabrication
and installation of reinforcing bars and forms are
included under this item.
 CONCRETE WORKS. This item covers the supply of
labor, materials and equipment necessary for the
construction of concrete curb, facing, footing and stairs
with a minimum concrete strength of 3,500psi. All
works shall be done in accordance with the approved
plans and specifications. Provision of reinforcing steel
bars, formworks and sixteen (16) units mooring cleat
shall be included under this item.
GROUTED RIPRAP. This item covers the supply of labor,
materials and equipment necessary for the formation of
5 to 20 kgs./pc. on a 0.50 meter thick outer layer rocks
with concrete mortar for binding prior to concrete
works. This item shall be done as indicated and in
accordance with the approved plans and specifications.
 CLASS III ROCKS (10 to 50 kgs./pc.). This item covers the
supply of materials, labor and equipment necessary for
the formation of Class III Rocks in accordance with the
approved plans and design grade.

TEMPORARY FACILITIES.
A. STAFF HOUSE -This covers the rental of a fully furnished staff
house for the exclusive use of the Project Engineer. Payment of
water and electric bill shall be the responsibility of the contractor
for the entire duration of the project.
B. SERVICE VEHICLE -The contractor shall be responsible for all
laboratory, material testing and survey instruments necessary in
the project implementation. Expenses for the said testing shall
be incorporated in the contractors overhead cost and shall not
be considered as pay item.z
 AGGREGATE BASE COURSE

This item shall consist of base course

composed of crushed, partially crushed or
uncrushed coarse aggregate bonded with either
soil or fine aggregate
 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS
The aggregates shall consist of both fine and coarse
fragments of crushed stones, crushed slab or crushed gravel
mixed or blended with sand, screening, or other materials
conforming to the grading requirements below.
The crushed stone shall consist of hard, durable particles or
fragments of stone and shall be free from excess flat, elongated,
soft or disintegrated pieces, dirt or other objectionable matter.
The material shall comply with the following grading and quality
requirements;
a.The aggregate when graded shall produce a smooth, evenly distributed
curve within the limits for Class A, Class B, or Class C given in Table
b.The aggregate when graded shall produce a smooth, evenly distributed
curve within the limits for Class A, Class B, or Class C given in Table
c.The course aggregate retained on a 4.75mm (No.4) sieve shall have a
percentage of not more than 40% for crushed and 50% for uncrushed.
d.he material passing the 19mm (3/4) sieve shall have a minimum soak
CBR value of 80%. The CBR value shall be obtained at the maximum
dry density.
The portion of material passing the 0.425mm (No. 40) sieve shall
have a liquid limit of not more than 25 and a plasticity Index of
not more than 6.
 FILLER FOR BLENDING
The filler in addition to the naturally present in the base
course material, is necessary for satisfactory bonding
of the material, for changing the soil constant of the
material passing the No. 40 mesh sieve 79. it shall be
uniformly blended with the base course material at the
crushing plant or at the mixing plant.

All sand shall pass a No. 4 mesh sieve and not

more than 5% by weight shall pass a No. 200
mesh sieve.
 METHODS OF SPREADING
1. The material shall be deposited and spread in
lanes on a uniform layer without segregation of
size to such loose depth when compacted, the
layer shall have the required thickness.
2. In spreading, care shall be taken to prevent
cutting into the underlying layer. The material
shall be bladed until a smooth uniform surface is
obtained, true to line and grade.
3. The base course shall be constructed in neither
a layer not less than 62mm nor more than
112mm of compacted thickness.
 FINISHING AND COMPACTING
After spreading, the aggregate shall be thoroughly
compacted by rolling. The rolling progress gradually
from the side to the center of the lane under
construction or from one side toward previously placed
material by lapping uniformly each preceding rear
wheel track by one half the width of such truck.
Rolling shall continue until the base material has been
compacted to not less than 100% density
Blading and rolling shall be shall be done alternately,
as required or directed, to obtain a smooth, even and
uniformly compacted base.
 PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE
PAVEMENT.

This item shall consist of pavement composed

of Portland Cement Concrete, with or without
reinforcement as specified on a prepared sub-
base or base course in accordance with these
specifications. And shall conform to the
thickness and typical cross-section as shown on
the plans and with the lines and grades
established by the Engineer.
 MATERIALS
Fine aggregate for concrete shall consist of natural sand,
stone, screening or other inert materials with similar
characteristics or combination thereof, having hard,
strong and durable particles approved by the Engineer.

It shall not contain more than three (3) mass percent of

materials passing the 0.075mm (No. 200 sieve) by
washing nor more than one (1) percent each sieve of
clay lumps or shale.
The fine aggregate shall be well graded from
coarse to fine and shall conform to the table
shown.
a) COARSE AGGREGATE

It shall not contain more than one (1) percent of

material passing the 0.075mm (no. 200) sieve, not
more than 0.25 percent of Clay Lumps, nor more
than 3.50 percent of Soft Fragments.

it shall have a mass percent of wear not

exceeding 40 percent.
The gradiation of the coarse agreggate shall
conform to table shown.
B. STEEL REINFORCEMENT
The bars shall be deformed bars. Dowels shall
be plain round bars of the size specified and
shall be free from any deformation restricting
slippage in the concrete.

The sleeves of dowels shall be metal or an

approved design to cover 50-75mm(2-3 inches),
plus or minus 5mm (1/4 inch) of the dowel, with
a closed end, and with a suitable stop to hold
the end dowel.
The nominal dimensions and unit weight of bar
designation shall be in accordance with the table
shown.
 PROPORTIONS OF CONCRETE MIXES
The design mix shall be of consistencies
specified hereafter in Test for Slump, unit
weight, and air content shall be performed in
the field under the presence of the Engineer
Entrained-Air Content
Concrete Proportioning
Average Strength
Slump
 BATCHING AND MIXING

A. BATCHING PLANT
Aggregates may be weighed in separate weigh
batches with individual scales, or cumulatively
on one weigh batcher with one scale. Bulk
cement shall be weighed on a separate scale in
a separate weigh batcher.
The plant shall be arranged so as to facilitate
the inspection of all operations at all times.
 Delivery of materials from the batching
equipment shall be within the following limits of
accuracy.
The recorded weights or volumes when compared
to the weights or volumes actually batched shall
be within the following limits of accuracy.
B. CONCRETE MIXERS

The mixers shall have a rated capacity of at least

0.76 cu. m. of mixed concrete, and shall not be
charged in excess of the capacity recommended
by the manufacturer. Mixers shall be capable of
combining the material into a uniform mixture
and of discharging this mixture without
segregation.
Stationary Mixers
Truck Mixers
Paving Mixers
Sampling
JOINTS

Pre-molded Expansion Joint

Filler
Joints with Joint Sealant
Finish of Concrete at Joints
Construction Joints
Crack-control Joints
PREPARATION FOR PLACING
Hardened concrete, debris and foreign
materials shall removed from interior of
forms and from inner surface of mixing and
conveying equipment. Reinforcement shall
be secured in position, and shall be
inspected, and approved before placing
concrete. Runways shall be provided for
wheeled concrete-handling equipment; such
equipment shall not be supported on
reinforcement.
PLACING OF CONCRETE

Concrete shall be placed in the forms, as close

as possible in final position, in uniform
approximately horizontal layers not over 400
mm deep.
Placing will not be permitted when the sun, heat
wind or limitations of facilities furnished by the
Contractor prevent proper finishing and curing
of the concrete.
 Time Interval Between Mixing and Placing
Concrete mix in stationary mixers and
transported by non-agitating equipment shall
be placed in the forms within 45 minutes from
the tie ingredients are charged into the mixing
drum. Concrete transported in truck mixers or
truck agitators shall be delivered to the site of
work discharge in the forms within 45 minutes
from the time that ingredients are discharge
into the mixing drum. Concrete shall be placed
in the forms within 15 minutes after discharge
from the mixer at the job site.
 Hot Weather Requirements
Temperature of concrete during the period of
mixing transport and or placing shall not be
permitted to rise above 16 degree celsius. Any
batch of concrete which had reached a
temperature greater that 35 degree celcius any
time in the aforesaid period shall not be placed
but shall be rejected, and shall not thereafter be
used in any part of the permanent works.
 Earth-Foundation Placement
The surfaces shall be clean free from mud
and water. Waterproof paper, polythylene
sheeting of nominal 0.4mm minimum thickness
shall be laid over dry or impervious surfaces
receiving concrete. Such material is of a type
specified for curing concrete except that the
polythylene sheet may be other than white. The
104 concrete footings and exterior slabs and
foundation may be placed directly over
impervious surfaces that are thoroughly
moistened by not muddy at the time concrete is
placed.
 Conveying Concrete by Chute,
Conveyor or Pump
Chute, conveyor, or pump may convey
Concrete if approved in writing.
Conctractor shall submit his entire plan of
operation from time of discharge of concrete
from the mixer to final placement in the forms,
and the steps to be taken to prevent the
formation of cold joints, in case the transporting
of concrete by chute, conveyors and pump shall
be capable of expeditiously placing concrete at
the rate most advantageous to good
workmanship.
 Chutes and Conveyors
Chutes shall be of steel or steel lined
wood, round in cross section rigid in
construction, and protected from
overflow. Conveyors shall be designed
and operated and chute sections shall be
set to assure a uniform flow of concrete
from mixer to final place of deposit
without segregation or ingredients, loss
of mortar, or change of slump.
When using tilted chutes, the
inclination should not be flatter
than (1) vertical and two (2)
horizontal. From the outlet/mouth
of the chute to the concrete
surface the maximum allowable
height shall be 1.50m.
 Pumps shall be operated and
maintained so that a continuous
stream of concrete is delivered into
the forms without air pocket.
segregation or change in slump.
When pumping is completed
concrete remaining in the pipeline
shall be ejected, and wasted without
contamination of concrete already
placed.
 Placing concrete through
reinforcement

Where congestion of the steel or other

conditions will make placing or
compactions of concrete difficult, a layer
of mortar shall be first deposited in forms
to a depth of approximately 25 cm.
COMPACTION
Immediately after placing, each layer of concrete
vibrator supplemented by hand spading, rodding,
and tamping.
Vibrators shall not be used to transport concrete
inside forms. Internal vibrators submerged in
concrete shall maintain speed of not less than
7,000 impulses per minute.
Duration of vibrating equipment shall be limited to
time necessary to produce satisfactory
consolidation without causing objectionable
segregation.
BONDING
Before depositing new concrete on or against
concrete that has set, the surfaces of the set
concrete shall be thoroughly cleaned so as to
expose the coarse aggregate and be free of
laitance, coatings, foreign matter and loose
particles. Forms shall be re-tightened. The
cleaned surfaces shall be moistened, but shall be
without free water when concrete is placed.
SLABS ON GRADE
Capillary water barrier or sub-grade shall conform
Immediately prior to placing concrete, the capillary water
barrier or sub-grade under slabs within the building shall
be covered with a vapor barrier
Concrete shall be compacted, screeded to grade, and
prepared for the specified finish.
Construction joints may be formed by the insertion of
hard-pressed fiberboard strips inserted in the plastic
concrete or may be cut with an approved concrete-
sawing matching after the concrete has set
Concrete joints, where sawed or formed, 13 m. shall be
filled with joint sealant except where floor covering is
required
SETTING OF BASE PLATES
After being plumbed and properly
positioned, base plates shall be provided
with full bearing with damp-pack bedding
mortar, except where expansive grout is
indicated. The space between the top of
concrete or masonry bearing surfaces and
the bottom of the plate shall be
approximately 1/24 of the width of the plate,
but not less than 13 mm for plates less than
30 cm wide.
FINISHES OF CONCRETE
Within 12 hours after forms are removed, surface
defects shall be remedied as specified herein.
Temperature of the concrete, ambient air and
mortar during remedial work including curing shall
be above 10 deg, celsius. Fine and loose material
shall be removed. Honeycomb, aggregate
pockets, voids over 13 mm in diameter, and holes
left by the rods or bolts shall be cut out to solid
concrete, reamed, thoroughly wetted brush-coated
with neat cement grout, and filled with mortar
CONCRETE FINISHES

SLABS
Slabs Receiving Concrete Paving
Smooth Finish
Broom Finish
Tolerance
 OTHERS
Within 12 hours after forms are removed,
surface defects shall be remedied as
specified herein. Honeycomb, aggregate,
pockets, voids over 12 mm in diameter, and
holes left by the rods or bolts shall be cut out
to solid concrete, reamed, thoroughly wetted,
brush-coated with neat cement grout, and
filled with mortar.
Smooth Finish
Rough Slab Finish
Broom Finish
CURING

Concrete shall be protected against moisture

rapid temperature change, mechanical injury
from rain of flowing water, for a minimum
period of time given below:
Type I Cement 7 days
 Concrete shall be maintained in a moist
condition at temperature above 10
degree Celsius throughout the specified
curing period and until remedial work is
started
Moist Curing
Impervious sheet Curing
Membrane-forming Curing Compound