ANATOMICAL

LANDMARKS OF
MAXILLA
 CLASSIFICATION
STRESS BEARING AREA:
LIMITING AREAS:
RELIEF AREAS
STRESS BEARING AREAS

AREAS THAT CAN BEAR THE MASTICATORY LOAD.

 TYPES

PRIMARY SECONDARY
PERPENDICULAR TO PLACED AT AN ANGLE TO
MASTICATORY LOAD MATICATORY LOAD
COVERED BY KERATINISED COVERED BY KERATINISED
MUCOSA MUCOSA
MADE OF CORTICAL BONE MADE OF CANCELOUS BONE
 LIMITING AREAS
AREAS THAT DETERMINE THE EXTENT OF DENTURE
 RELIEF AREAS

AREAS KEPT FREE FROM MASTICATORY LOAD.

(CANNOT WITH STAND LOAD)
PRIMARY STRESS BEARING AREAS:
HORIZONTAL HARD PALATE
MAXILLARY TUBEROSITY

SECONDARY STRESS BEARING AREAS:

RUGAE REGION
SLOPES OF RESIDUAL ALVEOLAR RIDGE
RELIEF AREAS:
INCISIVE PALILLA
MID PALATINE RAPHAE
FOVEA PALATINAE
LIMITING STRUCTURES:
LABIAL FRENUM
LABIAL VESTIBULE
BUCCAL FRENUM
BUCCAL VESTIBULE
POSTERIOR PALATAL SEAL AREA
HISTOLOGY OF ORAL MUCOSA
HORIZONTAL HARD PALATE:

FORMED BY PALATINE PROCESS OF

MAXILLA AND HORIZINTAL PORTION
OF PALATINE BONE.

CONTENT OF SUBMUCOSA:

ANTERO LATERALLY CONNECTIVE

TISSUE

POSTERO LATERALLY GLANDULAR

TISSUE
CONSIDERED AS PRIMARY STRESS BEARING AREA BECAUSE:

MADE OF CORTICAL BONE

PERPENDICULAR TO OCCLUSAL FORCE
COVERED BY KERATINIZED MUCOSA
MAXILLARY TUBEROSITY:

SOFT TISSUE PROMINENCE ON THE

POSTEROR ASPECT OF RESIDUAL
RIDGE.

PRIMARY STRESS BEARING AREA:

COVERED BY KERATINISED MUCOSA

AND THICK SUB MUCOSA CONTAING
CONNECTIVE TISSUE.
RUGAE:

CONNECTIVE TISSUE FOLDS ON THE

ANTEROR PART OF HARD PALATE

CONSIDERED AS SECONDARY STRESS

BEARING AREA:

INCLINED AT AN ANGLE TO
MASTICATORY LOAD.

COVERED BY KERATINIZED MUCOSA

MADE OF CORTICAL BONE

RESIDUAL ALVEOLAR RIDGE:

PART OF THE ALVEOLAR RIDGE

REMAINS AFTER EXTRACTION OF
TEETH.

CREST MADE OF TRABECULAR

BONE & SLOPES MADE OF
CORTICAL BONE.

CONSIDERED AS SECONDARY
STRESS BEARING AREA.
INCISIVE PAPILLA:

SOFT TISSUE ELEVATION IN THE HARD

PALATE IMMEDIATELY BEHIND THE
CENTRAL INCISORS ALONG THE MIDLINE.

OVER LIES THE INCISIVE FORAMEN

THORUGH WHICH NASO PALATINE NERVES
AND VESSELS PASS THORUGH.

PRESSURE ON THE NASO PALATINE NERVES

CAUSE NUMBNESS OF UPPER LIP
MID PALATINE RAPHAE:

OVER LIES MID PALATINE SUTURE.

COVERED BY THIN MUCOSA AND
SUBMUCOSA.

PRESSURE IN THIS REGION IMINGE ON

MUCOSA CAUSING INFLAMATION AND
TRAUMA.
FOVEA PALATINAE:

TWO SMALL OPENIG ON EITHER SIDE

OF MIDLINE IN THE NEAR THE
JUNCTION OF HARD AND SOFT PALATE.

MINOR SALIVARY GLANDS OF SOFT

PALATE DRAINS THROUGH THIS
OPENING.

PRESSURE ON THIS REGION OBSTRUCT

THE NORMAL SALIVARY FLOW.
LABIAL FRENUM:

BAND OF TISSUE RUNNING FROM THE

LIP TO THE RIDGE ALONG THE
MIDLINE.

DOES NOT HAVE ANY MUSCLE

ATTACHMENT.

REQUIRES V SHAPE NOTCH IN THE

LABIAL FLANGE OF COMPLETE
DENTURE
LABIAL VESTIBULE:
POTENTIAL SPACE BETWEEN LIP AND LABIAL PART OF RESIDUAL
RIDGE.
EXTENDS FROM ONE BUCCAL FRENUM TO OTHER.
WIDTH IS DETERMINED BY THE ACTION OF ORBICULARIS ORIS.
DIVIDED INTO LEFT AND RIGHT LABIAL VESTIBULE BY LABIAL
FRENUM.
BUCCAL FRENUM:

BAND OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE EXTENDING FROM CHEEK MUCOSA

TO REISDUAL RIDGE IN BUCCAL ASPECT.
CONSIST OF :
ORBICULARIS ORIS FROM FRONT (PULLS THE FRENUM
ANTERIOR)
LAVATOR ANGULI ORIS OR CANINUS FROM ABOVE.
BUCCINATOR FROM BEHIND (PULLS THE FRENUM POSTERIOR)
REQUIRE WIDE U SHAPE RELIEF IN BUCCAL FLANGE.
BUCCAL VESTIBULE:

POTENTIAL SPACE BETWEEN CHEEK AND RESIDUAL RIDGE.

EXTENDS FROM BUCCAL FRENUM TO HAMULAR NOTCH.
AREA IS INFLUENCED BY BUCCINATOR MUSCLE AND CORONOID
PROCESS OF MANDIBLE.
POSTERIOR PALATAL SEAL AREA:

AREA PRESENT ON THE POSTERIOR ASPECT

OF HARD PALATE.

BORDER:

ANTERIOR - ANTERIOR VIBRATING LINE

POSTERIOR POSTERIOR VIBRATING LINE.
LATERAL EXTENDS 2 TO 3 mm BEYOND
THE HAMULAR NOTCH.
HAMULAR NOTCH:

SOFT TISSUE DEPRESSION BETWEEN

MAXILLARY TUBEROSITY AND
HAMULAR PROCESS OF SPHENOID
BONE.

CONTAINS LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE

AND FIBERS OF TENSOR VELI PALATINI
MUSCLE.
ANTERIOR VIBRATING LINE:

IMAGINARY LINE RUNNIG ALONG

THE IMMOVABLE TISSUES OF HARD
PALATE AND SLIGHTLY MOVABLE
TISSUES OF SOFT PALATE.

RECORDED BY ASKING THE PATIETN

TO SAY AH IN VIGEROUS MANNER.

PRESENT AS CUPIDS BOW SHAPE

BECAUSE OF POSTERIOR NASAL SPINE.
POSTERIOR VIBRATING LINE:

IMAGINARY LINE RUNNING

ALONG THE JUNCTION OF
SOFT PALATE SHOWING
MARKED MOVEMENT AND
SOFT PALATE SHOWING
LIMITED MOVEMENT.

ITS A STRAIGTH LINE FROM

ONE HAMULAR NOTCH TO
OTHER.
FUNCTIONS:

DETERMINE THE POSTERIOR EXTENT OF COMPLETE

DENTURE.

CREATE THE PERIPHERAL SEAL.

PREVENT INGRESS OF FOOD ON THE TISSUE SURFACE OF
DENURE.