MEKANIKA TEKNIK

(RI-1222)

CHAPTER 02
Vector (2-D)
Vectors in a Cartesian Coordinate System (2-D)
Problem Solving (2-D)
Vector (3-D)
Dosen: Vectors in a Cartesian Coordinate System (3-D)
Wahyu Wijanarko
Mechanical Engineering Problem Solving (3-D)
ITS- Surabaya

Jadwal kuliah :
Tiap hari Rabu pukul 11.00 12.40
MEKANIKA TEKNIK Wahyu Wijanarko

Vector (2-D)
Objective:
Students will be able to :
a) Resolve a 2-D vector into components
b) Add 2-D vectors using Cartesian vector notations.

There are four

concurrent cable forces
acting on the bracket.
How do you determine
the resultant force acting
on the bracket ?

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MEKANIKA TEKNIK Wahyu Wijanarko

Vectors in a Cartesian Coordinate System (2-D)

Step 1 is to resolve each force

into its components

Step 2 is to add all the x

components together and add all
the y components together. These
two totals become the resultant
vector.

Step 3 is to find the magnitude

and angle of the resultant vector.

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MEKANIKA TEKNIK Wahyu Wijanarko

Vectors in a Cartesian Coordinate System (2-D)

Example of this process,

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MEKANIKA TEKNIK Wahyu Wijanarko

Vectors in a Cartesian Coordinate System (2-D)

You can also represent a 2-D vector with a magnitude and angle.

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Problem Solving (2-D)

Given: The screw eye is

subjected to two
force
Find: The magnitude and
angle of the resultant
force.
Plan:

a) Resolve the forces in their x-y components.

b) Add the respective components to get the resultant vector.
c) Find magnitude and angle from the resultant components.
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MEKANIKA TEKNIK Wahyu Wijanarko

Problem Solving (2-D)

F1 = { 100 cos 15 i + 100 sin 15 j } kN
= { 96.592 i + 25.882 j } kN
F2 = { 150 sin 10 i + 150 cos 10 j } kN
= { 26.047 i + 147.721 j } kN
Summing up all the i and j
components respectively, we get,
FRx = 96.592 + 26.047
FRy = 25.882 + 147.721
FR = { 122.639 i + 173.768 j } kN
y
FR
FR = ((122.639)2 + (173.768)2)1/2 = 212.687 kN
= tan-1(173.768/122.639) = 54.787
x |Jurusan Teknik Mesin ITS|
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MEKANIKA TEKNIK Wahyu Wijanarko

Problem Solving (2-D)

Given: Three concurrent

forces acting on a
bracket
Find: The magnitude and
angle of the
resultant force.
Plan:
a) Resolve the forces in their x-y components.
b) Add the respective components to get the resultant vector.
c) Find magnitude and angle from the resultant components.

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MEKANIKA TEKNIK Wahyu Wijanarko

Problem Solving (2-D)

F1 = { (4/5) 850 i - (3/5) 850 j } N

= { 680 i - 510 j } N
F2 = { -625 sin(30) i - 625 cos(30) j } N
= { -312.5 i - 541.3 j } N
F3 = { -750 sin(45) i + 750 cos(45) j } N
{ -530.3 i + 530.3 j } N |Jurusan Teknik Mesin ITS|
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Problem Solving (2-D)

y

FR

Summing up all the i and j components respectively, we get,

FR = { (680 312.5 530.3) i + (-510 541.3 + 530.3) j }N
= { - 162.8 i - 521 j } N
FR = ((162.8)2 + (521)2) = 546 N
= tan1(521/162.8) = 72.64 or
From Positive x axis = 180 + 72.64 = 253 |Jurusan Teknik Mesin ITS|
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MEKANIKA TEKNIK Wahyu Wijanarko

Vector (3-D)
Sections Objectives:
Students will be able to :
a) Represent a 3-D vector in a
Cartesian coordinate system.
b) Find the magnitude and
coordinate angles of a 3-D vector
c) Add vectors (forces) in 3-D
space

Given the forces in the cables, how will you determine

the resultant force acting at D, the top of the tower?
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MEKANIKA TEKNIK Wahyu Wijanarko

Vectors in a Cartesian Coordinate System (3-D)

Sometimes 3-D vector information is given as:
a) Magnitude and the coordinate direction angles, or
b) Magnitude and projection angles.

a)

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MEKANIKA TEKNIK Wahyu Wijanarko

Vectors in a Cartesian Coordinate System (3-D)

b)
The direction or orientation of vector
A is defined by the angles , , and .

These angles are measured between the

vector and the positive X, Y and Z axes,
respectively. Their range of values are
from 0 to 180

Using trigonometry, direction cosines

are found using the formulas

These angles are not independent. They must satisfy the following equation.
cos + cos + cos = 1
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Problem Solving (3-D)

Given:Two forces F and G are applied
G
to a hook. Force F is shown in
the figure and it makes 60
angle with the X-Y plane.
Force G is pointing up and has a
magnitude of 80 N with
= 111 and = 69.3.
Find: The magnitude and the
coordinate direction angles of
the resultant force.
Plan:
1) Using geometry and trigonometry, write F and G in the
Cartesian vector form.
2) Then add the two forces.
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MEKANIKA TEKNIK Wahyu Wijanarko

Problem Solving (3-D)

Solution : First, resolve force F.
G Fz = 100 sin 60 = 86.60 N
F' = 100 cos 60 = 50.00 N
Fx = 50 cos 45 = 35.36 N
Fy = 50 sin 45 = 35.36 N
Now, you can write:
F = {35.36 i 35.36 j + 86.60 k} N

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MEKANIKA TEKNIK Wahyu Wijanarko

Problem Solving (3-D)

Now resolve force G.
G cos (111) + cos (69.3) + cos () = 1.
Solving, we get = 30.22 or 120.2.
Since the vector is pointing up, = 30.22

Now using the coordinate direction angles, we can get UG, and
determine G = 80 UG N.
G = {80 ( cos (111) i + cos (69.3) j + cos (30.22) k )} N
G = {- 28.67 i + 28.28 j + 69.13 k } N
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MEKANIKA TEKNIK Wahyu Wijanarko

Problem Solving (3-D)

Now, R = F + G or
G R = {6.69 i 7.08 j + 156 k} N

FR = (6.69 2 + (-7.08) 2 + 156 2) = 156.3 N

= cos-1 (FRx / FR) = cos-1 (6.69/156.3) = 87.54
= cos-1 (FRy / FR) = cos-1 (-7.08/156.3) = 92.59
= cos-1 (FRz / FR) = cos-1 (156/156.3) = 3.55
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MEKANIKA TEKNIK Wahyu Wijanarko

Problem Solving (3-D)

Given: The screw eye is subjected

to two forces.
Find: The magnitude and the
coordinate direction angles
of the resultant force.

Plan:
1) Using the geometry and trigonometry, write F1 and F2 in the
Cartesian vector form.
2) Add F1 and F2 to get FR .
3) Determine the magnitude and , , .
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Problem Solving (3-D)

First resolve the force F1 .

F1z
F1z = 300 sin 60 = 259.8 N
F F = 300 cos 60 = 150.0 N
F can be further resolved as,
F1x = -150 sin 45 = -106.1 N
F1y = 150 cos 45 = 106.1 N

Now we can write :

F1 = {-106.1 i + 106.1 j + 259.8 k } N

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MEKANIKA TEKNIK Wahyu Wijanarko

Problem Solving (3-D)

The force F2 can be represented in the
Cartesian vector form as:
F2 = 500{ cos 60 i + cos 45 j +
cos 120 k } N
= { 250 i + 353.6 j 250 k } N
FR = F1 + F2
= { 143.9 i + 459.6 j + 9.81 k } N

FR = (143.9 2 + 459.6 2 + 9.81 2) = 481.7 = 482 N

= cos-1 (FRx / FR) = cos-1 (143.9/481.7) = 72.6
= cos-1 (FRy / FR) = cos-1 (459.6/481.7) = 17.4
= cos-1 (FRz / FR) = cos-1 (9.81/481.7) = 88.8
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 MEKANIKA TEKNIK
(RI-1222)

CHAPTER 03

Keseimbangan
Partikel
Dosen:
Wahyu Wijanarko
Mechanical Engineering
ITS- Surabaya

Jadwal kuliah :
Tiap hari Rabu pukul 11.00 12.40
MEKANIKA TEKNIK Wahyu Wijanarko

Quiz 1

1 2

A barge is pulled by two tugboats.

If the resultant of the forces
exerted by the tugboats is 25 kN
directed along the axis of the
barge, determine the tension in Express each force as a
each of the ropes for = 45o Cartesian vector and find the
magnitude and angle of the
resultant force

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MEKANIKA TEKNIK Wahyu Wijanarko

Quiz 1

FEA = FEB = FEC = FED = 28 kN

3
4

Given the forces in the cables, express

each force as a Cartesian vector and find
the resultant force acting at D, the top of
Express each force as a Cartesian the tower? (x = 9 m, y = 10 m)
vector and find the resultant force

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