AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION

Introduction
Device which changes gear ratios automatically
Deliver maximum efficiency
Difference between automatic and manual transmission
Easier to drive because they do not have a clutch pedal or
gearshift lever
There are two type of automatic transmissions
CLASSIFICATION

AUTOMATIC
TRANSMISSIONS
USING PLANETARY
GEARS

CONTINUOUSLYVARIABLE
TRANSMISSION(CVT)
AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSIONS
USING PLANETARY GEARS
Components

PLANETARY GEAR
SYSTEM
TORQUE CONVERTER
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
GOVERNOR
COMPUTER
CONTROLS
1. Sun gear 2. Planet gear 3. Ring gear 4.
Planetary carrier

PLANETARY GEAR SYSTEM

PLANETARY GEAR SYSTEM (SIDE VIEW)
 HOW PLANETARY GEARS WORK
Power transfer can only take place when one of the members is
held at rest or if two of the members are locked.
Input Output Stationary Calculation Gear Ratio

A Sun (S) Planet Carrier (C) Ring (R) 1 + R/S 3.4:1

B Planet Carrier (C) Ring (R) Sun (S) 1 / (1 + S/R) 0.71:1
C Sun (S) Ring (R) Planet Carrier (C) -R/S -2.4:1

Gear Input Output Fixed Gear Ratio

1st 30-tooth sun 72-tooth ring Planet carrier 2.4:1

30-tooth sun Planet carrier 36-tooth sun 2.2:1

Planet carrier 72-tooth ring 36-tooth sun 0.67:1

2nd

Total 2nd 1.47:1

30- and 36-tooth

3rd 72-tooth ring 1.0:1
suns

OD Planet carrier 72-tooth ring 36-tooth sun 0.67:1

Reverse 36-tooth sun 72-tooth ring Planet carrier -2.0:1

 TORQUE CONVERTOR
takes the place of the clutch
found on standard shift vehicles
large doughnut shaped device that is mounted
between the engine and the transmission
it uses oil or transmission fluid to transmit power
three internal elements that work together
to transmit power to the transmission.
TORQUE CONVERTOR
 THE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
complex maze of passages and tubes that sends transmission
fluid under under pressure to all parts of the transmission
and torque converter.
Transmission fluid serves in shift control, general lubrication
and transmission cooling.
Keeps the transmission at normal operating temperature

OIL PUMP
VALVE BODY
SHIFT VALVES
BANDS
 Gear pump
Oil Pump

Produce all the oil pressure that is

required in the transmission

The oil is then sent, under

pressure to the pressure regulator,
the valve body and the rest of the
components, as required.
 Valve Body

The brain of the automatic

transmission
Contains a maze of channels
and passages that direct
hydraulic fluid to the
numerous valves
These valves activate the
appropriate clutch pack or
band servo to smoothly shift
to the appropriate gear for
each driving situation.
 Shift Valves
Supply hydraulic pressure to
the clutches and bands to
engage each gear
Determines when to shift from
one gear to the next
The 1 to 2 shift valves
determines when to shift from
first to second gear.
 Band
A band is a steel strap with
friction material bonded to the
inside surface.
 GOVERNER
provides the inputs that tell the
transmission when to shift
connected to the output shaft
and regulates hydraulic pressure
based on vehicle speed
COMPUTER CONTROLLS

Detect such things as throttle position, vehicle speed,

engine speed, engine load,etc. to control exact shift
points
Downshift automatically when going downhill, to
control speed and reduce wear on the brakes.
Up shift when braking on a slippery surface to reduce
the braking torque applied by the engine.
Inhibit the Up shift when going into a turn on a
winding road.
CONCLUSION
Automatic transmissions contain mechanical systems,
hydraulic systems, electrical systems and computer controls,
all working together in perfect harmony
THANK YOU