PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION DATAS

The latest data, in 2014, gives a total of slightly less than 3,500,000 km of pipeline in 120
countries of the world
The United States had 65%, Russia had 8%, and Canada had 3%, thus 75% of all pipeline
was in three countries
190,905 km of pipelines are planned and under construction.
143,193 km represent projects in the planning and design phase
47,712 km reflect pipelines in various stages of construction.
Transport of crude and refined petroleum, fuels - such as oil, Co2, N2,H2, Ammonia,
Natural gas and biofuels - and other fluids including sewerage, slurry, water for drinking or
irrigation exists in transportation system .
Two phase flow of pipelines is also used for transportation of packets and with pneumatic
pressure. Pneumatic tubes using compressed air can be used to transport solid capsules.
Highly toxic Ammonia is theoretically the most dangerous substance to be transported
through long-distance pipelines
Pipelines conveying flammable or explosive material, such as natural gas or oil, pose
special safety concerns and there have been various accidents. Pipelines can be the target
of vandalism, sabotage, terrorist attacks. In war, pipelines are often the target of military
attacks.
 PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION DATAS
Submarine pipelines:
Submarine pipelines in small seas, straits and rivers.They lie entirely on the seabed. They are
used primarily to carry oil or gas, but transportation of water is also important.
Used to connect subsea wellheads , manifolds and the plateforms , within a particular
development field.
Referred as an "export pipeline", is used to bring the resource to shore.The construction and
maintenance of marine pipelines imply logistical challenges that are different from those on-
land, mainly because of wave and current dynamics, along with other geo-hazards.
Marine pipelines can be classified in categories depending on purpose:
Gathering pipelines :Group of smaller interconnected pipelines forming complex networks
with the purpose of bringing crude oil or natural gas from several nearby wells to a
treatment plant or processing facility. In this group, pipelines are usually short- a couple
hundred meters- and with small diameters. Sub-sea pipelines for collecting product from
deep water production platforms are also considered gathering systems.
Transportation pipelines: Mainly long pipes with large diameters, moving products (oil, gas,
refined products) between cities, countries and even continents.
These transportation networks include several compressor stations in gas lines or pump stations for
crude and multi-products pipelines. Distribution pipelines Composed of several interconnected
pipelines with small diameters, used to take the products to the final consumer.
Feeder lines to distribute gas to homes and businesses downstream. Pipelines at terminals for
distributing products to tanks and storage facilities are included in this groups.
4