PLANNING AND EXECUTION OF

WATER RESOURCES & PROJECT

LEADER: SOFRIANO B. SARITA JR.
MEMBERS:
ABDUKADIL, QAISAR M.
HADJANI, EPIASER I.
MANLANGIT, KING PATRIK
SAID, NADZRI A.
ISMAEL, ABDEL ALHAMM I.
Planning of Water intake structures for
irrigation or hydropower
In the age of industrial development, lakes, rivers and canals have
been exploited to an ever increasing extent, and dams and weirs for
the diversion of river water have been constructed on flowing
waterways for various purposes.
Likewise, river intakes have been developed ever further for
agriculture and the generation of hydroelectric power.
The exploitation of rivers and streams requires thorough planning,
irrespective of whether large-scale or small-scale projects are
concerned.
Planning of Water intake structures for
irrigation or hydropower
For large-scale projects, experienced planning engineers and experts
are normally appointed. Micro-projects such as mills, small
hydroelectric power plants, and small intake structures for irrigation
purposes are often planned and constructed by the users themselves
or by experts from other technical fields. Hydrologists and hydraulic
engineers are frequently not consulted.
Planning of Water intake structures for
irrigation or hydropower
Hydrological bases
Planning of the intake structure
Hydraulic operation and calculations
Necessary proofs of stability
Sand trap
HYDROLOGICAL BASES
Presentation of the problem
Water budgeting hydrological process of the catchment
The channel to be considered carries water all the year round.
The discharge is exclusively formed by - precipitation in the form of
rain.
The discharge behaviour of the river is not influenced by a retention
reservoir.

Determination of the available water supply

Collection of hydrological data (stream flow, precipitation, infiltration,
evaporation and etc.)
Planning of the intake structure
Requirements to be met by an intake structure
It is the task of an intake structure to divert from the channel at the
tapping point the amounts of water necessary for whatever purpose
with or without water being stored.
Principles for the arrangement of the intake structure on the river
The location of an intake structure must be so chosen that the largest
possible portion of the bed load remains in the river and is not taken
in in the diversion canal with the diverted water.
A satisfactory arrangement of the intake structure does not remove
the suspended matter; this is the task of a sand trap arranged
downstream. (Use of physical laws, Technical measures)
Planning of the intake structure
Types of intake structures and their elements
Hydraulic operation and calculations
The most important calculations necessary for the design of the intake
structure relate to
free overfall weir as a retaining or diversion weir,
discharge below a dam wall in the canal,
free overfall side weir as spillway or as structure for intake on the river bank,
bottom intake in a special case,
lateral intake with repelling groin.
Necessary proofs of stability
In the investigation into the stability of fixed weirs and other
structures subject to underflow, proof of safety with regard to sliding and
hydraulic shear failure must be given.
Prevention of hydraulic shear failure
Stability against sliding
Sand trap
Necessity for sand traps
Sand traps are necessary when the suspended matter content of the
river water is high and when plant components such as pressure pipes,
turbine rotors, slide valves, etc., must be protected from abrasion by hard
suspended matter such as quartz sand.
Other Consideration
Politic
Legal and Institutional Framework
Policy
Environmental
Environmental Flows: Science, Decision
Making, and Development Assistance
Clean drinking water
Groundwater recharge
Food sources such as fish and invertebrates
Opportunities for harvesting fuelwood, grazing, and
cropping on riverine corridors and floodplains
Biodiversity conservation (including protection of natural
habitats, protected areas, and national parks)
Navigation routes
Recreational opportunities
Cultural, aesthetic, and religious benefits.
Political:
Legal &
Institutional
Framework and
Political