POLYMER LED

ANAND ENGINEERING COLLEGE, AGRA

Presented By Submitted to -
DILIP MATHURIA Mr. Shobhit Maheshwari
Roll No. 1100132003 EI Department
Branch. EI
 INTRODUCTION

Polymer LED (light-emitting diode)- sometimes called light-

emitting polymer or P-OLED is a technology based on the
use of polymer as the semiconductor material in LEDs.

It is a novel technology to manufacture very thin light

sources and displays.

Polymers are large molecules widely known as plastics.

 INTRODUCTION (Cont..)
PLED does not require additional elements such as
backlights, filters and polarizers.

PLED technology is very energy efficient.

The main principle behind PLED technology is

electroluminescence.

Offers brighter, thinner, high contrast, flexible displays.

 Brief History of Poly LED
The making of the first PLED is credited to the Cavendish
Laboratory of Cambridge University in 1989.

Polyphenylene vinylene (PPV) was found to emit yellow

green light when sandwiched between a pair of electrodes.
The initial device efficiencies were very low .

PLEDs today have a number of intrinsic advantages over

liquid crystal devices.

PLED is an emissive technology

A thin film of light Emitting Polymer put between two
electrodes will glow...
Light Emitting Polymer Device
Metallic
Electrode
Thin Plastic Film
of PLED

Transparent

+
Electrode

Substrate

-
Emitted light
 Device Structure
A transparent electrode with a large work function.
Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) is commonly used.

A layer of PLED material less than 100nm thick. PPV is

commonly used.

A metallic electrode with a low work function, typically

calcium.
 Working of PLEDs
An amorphous film of the PLED material is sandwiched
between two electrodes forming the anode and cathode on
a substrate.
Electronic charges are injected into the polymer from the
electrodes: electrons from the cathode, and 'holes' from the
anode.
The electrons and holes 'capture each other' through
electrostatic interaction.
Radiative recombination of electron and hole generates light
The wavelength of this emitted light depends on the band
gap of the polymer used.
 If voltage is applied, positive
charge carriers Positive and negative charge carriers combine
move into the anode, negative and generate an neutral exited state. This exited
charge carriers into the cathode! state decays and generates Visible light

Visible Light
OLED Technology
Organic LED
 What is an OLED?
OLEDs are solid state devices composed of thin films of
organic molecules that is100 to 500 nanometres thick.
They emits light with the application of electricity.
Band gap ranges from 2.2 to 2.8 ev.
They are self emitting.
They are made from carbon and hydrogen.
 Structure of OLED
Substrate.
Anode.
Organic layer.
-Conductive layer (Hole Transport Layer).
made up of polyaniline or metal-phthalocyanine.
-Emissive layer( Electron Transport Layer).
made up of polyfluorene or metal chelates.
Cathode.
Structure of OLED (Figue)
 Working Principle
A voltage is applied across the anode and cathode.
Current flows from cathode to anode through the organic
layers.
Electrons flow to emissive layer from the cathode.
Electrons are removed from conductive layer leaving holes.
Holes jump into emissive layer .
Electron and hole combine and light emitted.
Working Principle(figure)
 Types of OLED
Six types of OLEDs

Passive matrix OLED (PMOLED).

Active matrix OLED (AMOLED).
Transparent OLED (TOLED).
Top emitting OLED.
Flexible OLED (FOLED).
White OLED (WOLED).
Active Matrix OLED (AMOLED)
Applications:

Automobile light system without bulbs.

Thin and light weight displays for portable
electronics.
Light weight wrist watches.
All colours possible.
All shapes and non-planar displays possible.
A technology for the future.
Mobile phones with OLED screens.
OLED screen TV
OLED screen mobile Phones
(AMOLED)
OLED screen
Laptops
Advantages:
Low energy consumption.
Life time of more than 30,000 Hours.
Thinner, Lighter and more flexible.
Very high brightness and contrast.
Can be made to larger sizes.
High resolution.
Perfect display from all angles.
Disadvantages:

Non-uniform color Displays.

Manufacturing Process is Costly.
Lifespan.
Water damage.
Voltage drop may affect the performance.
 CONCLUSION
The production of the PolyLED has fewer restrictions in
terms of size.

The PolyLED has three major advantages over its silicon

counterpart: it has a high contrast, a high brightness and
requires much less power.

Organic Light Emitting Diodes are evolving as the next

generation displays.
References:
http://cnx.org/content/m25670/latest/
http://www.cdtltd.co.uk/technology/introduction-to-p-oleds/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_transistor
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OLED
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode
http://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news
http://www.oled-info.com/p-oled
THANK YOU
!!!