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SIFAT
FISIKA TANAH
Dihimpun oleh
Soemarno
Jurusan Tanah FP UB Februari 2012
TEKSTUR TANAH
Plow layer
Granular
Platy
Prismatic
Columnar
Common to Ohio
Blocky soils just below Ap
(> 8)
Diunduh 15/2/2012
TEKSTUR TANAH
Luas permukaan internal
Pori tanah
Big smaller
really small
Sand silt clay
TEKSTUR TANAH
Surface area per unit volume Gee whiz
fact:
1 g sand ~ 0.1 m2 Fine clay has
1 g silt ~ 1 m2 ~10,000
lowest times as
1 g clay ~ 10-1000 m2 much
surface area
as the same
wt. med.
grain sand
highest
Particle Size
Clay Silt Sand
Particle Size
Pore size, infiltration rate, drainage rate, aeration
Siklus Hidrologi dan Tanah
Sifat tanah yang menjadi bagian dari siklus hidrologi.
Moisture Color
Temperature
Structure
pH
Texture
Horizon
Depths
Bulk
Density
PENGARUH TEKSTUR
Pasir Debu Liat
Nutrient
Low Medium High
retention
DENSITAS DAN
PERMEABILITAS TANAH
K = (QL) / t.h.A.
http://dasar2ilmutanah.blogspot.com/2009/04/sifat-fisika-tanah-bagian-3-
bobot-isi.html ..... Diunduh 16/2/2012
BOBOT ISI BULK DENSITY
Density
particle density: mass per unit volume (not pore
space)
Porosity
Mg/m3 (Dp of quartz mineral, dominant mineral in most soils)
~ 2.65
the volume
percentage (%)
of the total bulk
soil NOT
occupied by
solids
BOBOT ISI BULK DENSITY
Mass of dry soil per unit bulk volume,
INCLUDING pore space
Bulk density is
relatively high in
coarse-textured
soils because total
pore volume is low
http://repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/123456789/16232/4/Chapter
%20II.pdf....... Diunduh 15/2/2012
BOBOT ISI BULK DENSITY
????
Clear
cut
Depth Forest
Bulk density
Effect varies with soil texture!
Soil bulk density on skid trails: does
tillage help??
1.15
Bulk density (g/cm^3)
1.1
1.05
1
0.95
0.9
0.85
0.8
control untilled tilled
BOBOT ISI BULK DENSITY
Silt loam 40
0.26
Clay 70
0.30
Fine
Texture = proportions of
different particle sizes (%
sand, silt, clay)
Structure = spatial
arrangement of those
particles
STRUKTUR TANAH
Particles bind because organic compounds and some minerals
are sticky
Biological sources: polysaccharides, proteins,
bacterial glues
Mineralogical sources : oxides, carbonates, silicates
(clay particles)
Sodium induced
disperses clays
A Granular
Platy
Blocky
Massive
TELADAN LABEL STRUKTUR
TANAH
Amount of OM
Type and amount of clay
Amount of stabilizing/flocculating
minerals (calcium carbonate,
gypsum, etc.)
AGREGAT
Aggregates contain many small pores; area
between aggregates large pores
Increase porosity
Increase water infiltration, drainage,
decrease runoff
Increase water holding capacity
Ruang pori tanah ialah bagian yang diduduki udara dan air.
1. Low disturbance
2. High root abundance
3. High fungal biomass
4. High OM
5. High clay content
Soil consistency states for a sand and a clay soil (friable soil is best for
tillage).
SIFAT OLAH TANAH
Compaction
Aggregate destruction
Puddling and clods
Surface crusts
Improving tilth
Soil channels
1.32
g 1.32
g
Soil Pans
Lapisan tanah yang diperkeras
Claypans
Fragipans
Plinthite
Caliche and duripans
% PS = 100 * (1-[Db/Dp])
65
Pore space (%)
60
55
50
45
40
1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
h Clay content
Bulk density (Mg/m3)
PORI MAKRO - MIKRO
Sandy 2 42
loam 17 25
Silt loam
good 5 50 27 23
structure
poor 5 50 40 10
structure
WARNA TANAH
Color as a guide to soil use
Dark brown to black
White to light gray
Light brown, yellow to red
Bluish-gray
Mottled colors
Describing soil color
Hue,
Value &
Chroma
WARNA TANAH
Tanah-tanah coklat tua hingga hitam
O.M. can reach high level in waterlogged soil
Usually smells sour, oily
O.M. can also reach high level in aerated soil. It smells
earthy
Dark parent materials can affect color of soil..smells
chalky
Environmental
Soil color Soil attributes
conditions
In environments where
precipitation >
evapotranspiration there is
Eluvial horizon
Bright-light leaching of sequioxides,
(E horizon)
carbonates, and silicate
clays. The eluviated horizon
consists mainly of silica
http://vro.dpi.vic.gov.au/dpi/vro/vrosite.nsf/pages/soilhealth_prac_soil_colo
ur diunduh 15/2/2012
SISTEM MUNSELL
A 10YR3/6 soil has:
The hue 10YR, a yellow red
The value of 3 (dark)
Chroma of 6
This is described as a dark yellow brown soil
This would be recognized internationally
WARNA TANAH - DRAINAGE
Poorly drained
Water is removed so slowly in relation to supply that the soil
remains wet for a comparatively large part of the time the soil
is not frozen. Excess water is evident in the soil for a large
part of the time.
Subsurface flow or groundwater flow, or both, in addition to
precipitation are the main water sources; there may also be a
perched water table, with precipitation exceeding
evapotranspiration.
Soils have a wide range in available water storage capacity,
texture, and depth, and are gleyed subgroups, Gleysols, and
Organic soils.
http://sis.agr.gc.ca/cansis/nsdb/detailed/name/drainage.html Diunduh
15/2/2012