Do Now (write/sketch): How does a

remote control work?

How does a remote control communicate with a television?

Can we see anything pass from the remote control to the TV?
AIM: How can we detect light beyond
the visible spectra?
 Safety
Dont touch the heat lamp
Dont shine the UV flashlight in eyes
 Feeling the Far Infrared Waves
Source: Heat Lamp Detector: Hand/skin

Procedure
1: Align source (heat lamp) 15 cm away from receiver (hand): test
2: Place paper or aluminum foil close to but not touching receiver: test
3: Record results
 Listening to the Near Infrared Waves

Source: Remote Control Detector: Amplified Photocell

Procedure
1: Align source (remote) 15 cm away from receiver (amplified photocell): test
2: Place paper or aluminum foil close to but not touching receiver: test
3: record results
 Detecting the Ultraviolet (UV) with
Fluorescent dye
Source: Ultraviolet light/blacklight Detector: Fluorescent ink

Procedure
1: Align source (UV light) 15 cm away from receiver (fluorescent ink): test
2: Place paper or aluminum foil close to but not touching receiver: test
3: record results
 2 minutes for each Source Station
Source Heat Lamp Remote Control Blacklight
Far Infrared Near Infrared Ultraviolet light
Detector: Detector: Detector:

Sheet of paper Transmitter/Shield Transmitter/Shield Transmitter/Shield

Aluminum foil Transmitter/Shield Transmitter/Shield Transmitter/Shield

Plastic bag Transmitter/Shield Transmitter/Shield Transmitter/Shield

What was the detector for each source? Why wasnt it our eyes?
What materials blocked the source? (Shield)
What materials let the invisible light through? (Transmitter)
Identify at least two variables that could affect whether something was a transmitter
or shield?
What are possible applications for engineering?
What invisible light did we explore?
 Discourse
Electromagnetic energy: waves that carry energy
through space; also called radiation or light.
Wave: a vibration that transfers energy. Sound
waves are vibrations of air. Light waves are
vibrations of electric and magnetic fields.
Frequency: Describes the number of wave crests
passing by a fixed point (hertz Hz).
Wavelength: The length of one complete wave
cycle. Its the distance between any point on a
wave and the equivalent point on the next wave
(meters m).
AIM: How can we detect light beyond
the visible spectra?
 Regents Questions
June 2016:
Which type of electromagnetic
radiation has the shortest wavelength?
(1) ultraviolet (3) radio waves
(2) gamma rays (4) visible light

August 2016:
Most of which type of electromagnetic
radiation is given off by Earths surface
at night?
(1) gamma rays (3) visible light
(2) ultraviolet light (4) infrared rays
Our Suns Electromagnetic Energy
Electromagnetic energy:
waves that carry energy
through space; also called
radiation or light.
Frequency: Describes the
number of wave crests
passing by a fixed point (hertz
Hz).
Wavelength: The length of
one complete wave cycle.
Its the distance between
any point on a wave and
the equivalent point on
the next wave (meters m).
Wave: a vibration that
transfers energy. Sound
waves are vibrations of air.
Light waves are vibrations of
electric and magnetic fields.
 Additional Resources
What types of energy does the sun emit?
http://www.windows2universe.org/sun/spectr
um/multispectral_sun_overview.html
Fluorescence: the property of
absorbing light of short wavelength
and emitting light of longer
wavelength.
AIM: How do astronomers use invisible
light to gain information about the
universe?
Line up the images according to the
wavelengths of the electromagnetic
spectrum.
The material around black holes is very hot and shines very brightly at X-ray
wavelengths.

X-Ray: Chandra Observatory

Wide-Field View of M51
This Chandra image of M51 shows the X-ray emission around the centers of both NGC 5194
(lower right) and NGC 5195 (upper left). In addition, there are 84 X-ray sources within the
boundary of NGC 5194. The number of luminous X-ray sources is much larger than normal
spiral and elliptical galaxies and similar to galaxies experiencing starburst activity.
Scale: Image is 10 arcmin across by 11.6 arcmin. (Credit: NASA/CXC/UMd./A.Wilson et al.)
Stars that are still forming are too cold to emit light at visible wavelengths, but do
so at infrared (IR) wavelengths.

Infrared light: European ISO

Whirlpool Galaxy (M51) Infrared Image
This infrared image comes from the European Space Agency's Infrared Space Observatory
(ISO) which operated from 1995-1998. Mid-infrared light is well-suited to studying star
formation and tracing dust in spiral galaxies. This image shows the galaxy cores and spiral
arms, and also nicely illustrates the knots of star formation occurring in the arms of M51.
Scale: Image is 8.8 arcmin across by 11 arcmin. (Credit: ESA/ISO, CAM, M.Sauvage et al.)
Visible light can tell us what elements are involved in the celestial body.

Visible light: Kitt Peak National Observatory

Whirlpool Galaxy (M51) NOAO Image
This image of M51 was taken with the NOAO Mosaic CCD camera on the National Science
Foundation's 0.9-meter telescope located at Kitt Peak National Observatory near Tucson, AZ.
M51 consists of the large spiral galaxy NGC 5194 and its smaller companion NGC 5195. M51
is about 30 million light years away and over 65,000 light-years in diameter.
Scale: Image is 8.8 arcmin across by 11 arcmin. (Credit: NOAO/AURA/NSF/T.A.Rector &
M.Ramirez)
Radio waves reveal "cosmic ray" particles and magnetic fields produced in giant
supernova explosions.

Radio
Whirlpool Galaxy (M51) Radio Image
Chandra's X-ray image (see #1 above) highlights the energetic central regions of the two
interacting galaxies that are collectively called the Whirlpool Galaxy. A large number of point-
like X-ray sources due to black holes and neutron stars can be seen. Extending to the north
and south of the bright nucleus are clouds of multimilliondegree gas. The similarity of these
features with ones observed at radio wavelengths, such as in the Very Large Array image
shown here, suggests that the gas is heated by high-velocity jets produced near a
supermassive black hole in the nucleus of the galaxy.
Scale: Image is 8.8 arcmin across by 11 arcmin. (Credit: NRAO/AUI/NSF)
Composite Image: Hubble
Whirlpool Galaxy (M51) HST Image
The Whirlpool galaxy, M51, has been studied extensively in a range of wavelengths, by large
ground- and space-based observatories. The Hubble composite image of the inner region
shows visible starlight as well as light from the emission of glowing hydrogen, which is
associated with the most luminous young stars in the spiral arms.
Scale: Image is 3.6 arcmin across by 4.4 arcmin. (Credit: NASA/AURA/STScI/Hubble Heritage
Team)
Agree or Disagree and why?

Light with shorter wavelengths than the visible

range (ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays) tell
us where the really hot things are.

Light with longer wavelengths (infrared,

microwave, and radio) show us where the
cooler things are.
AIM: How do astronomers use invisible
light to gain information about the
universe?