Chemical Reactions and

Quantities

Types of Reactions
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
 Type of Reactions

Chemical reactions are classified into

four general types
Combination
Decomposition
Single Replacement
Double Replacement
 Combination (Synthesis)
Two or more elements or simple
compounds combine to form
(synthesize) one product
A + B AB
2Mg + O2 2MgO
2Na + Cl2 2NaCl
SO3 + H2O H2SO4
 Decomposition

One substance is broken down (split)

into two or more simpler substances.

AB A + B
2HgO 2Hg + O2
2KClO3 2KCl + 3 O2
 Learning Check R1

Classify the following reactions as

1) combination or 2) decomposition:

___A. H2 + Br2 2HBr

___B. Al2(CO3)3 Al2O3 + 3CO2
___C. 4 Al + 3C Al4C3
 Solution R1

Classify the following reactions as

1) combination or 2) decomposition:
_1_A. H2 + Br2 2HBr
_2_B. Al2(CO3)3 Al2O3 + 3CO2
_1_C. 4 Al + 3C Al4C3
 Single Replacement

One element takes the place of an

element in a reacting compound.
A + BC AB + C
Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2
Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu
 Double Replacement

Two elements in reactants take the place

of each other

AB + CD AD + CB
AgNO3 + NaCl AgCl + NaNO3
ZnS + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2S
 Learning Check R2

Classify the following reactions as

1) single replacement
2) double replacement
__A. 2Al + 3H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2

__B. Na2SO4 + 2AgNO3 Ag2SO4 + 2NaNO3

__C. 3C + Fe2O3 2Fe + 3CO

 Solution R2

Classify the following reactions as

1) single replacement
2) double replacement
1_A. 2Al + 3H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2

2_B. Na2SO4 + 2AgNO3 Ag2SO4 + 2NaNO3

1_C. 3C + Fe2O3 2Fe + 3CO

 Combustion

A reaction in which a compound (often

carbon) reacts with oxygen
C + O2 CO2
CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O
C3H8 + 5O2 3CO2 + 4H2O
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O
 Learning Check R3

Balance the combustion equation

___C5H12 + ___O2 ___CO2 + ___H2O

 Solution R3

Balance the combustion equation

1 C5H12 + 8 O2 5 CO2 + 6 H2O
 Oxidation and Reduction
Reactions that involve a loss or gain of
electrons
Occurs in many of the 4 types of
reactions and combustion
Important in food metabolism, batteries,
rusting of metals
Requirements for Oxidization-
Reduction
Electrons are transferred
Two processes occur
Oxidation = Loss of electrons (LEO)
Zn Zn2+ + 2e-
Reduction = Gain of electrons (GER)
Cu2+ + 2e- Cu
 Balanced Red-Ox Equations

Combine the oxidation and reduction

reactions to make
Loss of electrons = Gain of electrons
Zn + Cu2+ + 2e- Zn2+ + 2e- + Cu
Zn + Cu2+ Zn2+ + Cu
 Gain/Loss of Hydrogen

In organic and biological reactions

oxidation = Loss of H
reduction = Gain of H
 Learning Check R3

Identify the following as an 1) oxidation or

a reduction process:
__A. Sn Sn4+ + 4e-
__B. Fe3+ + 1e- Fe2+
__C. Cl2 + 2e- 2Cl-
 Solution R3

Identify the following as an 1) oxidation or

a reduction process:
1_ A. Sn Sn4+ + 4e-
2_ B. Fe3+ + 1e- Fe2+
2_ C. Cl2 + 2e- 2Cl-
 Learning Check R4

In light-sensitive sunglasses, UV light

initiates an oxidation-reduction reaction
Ag+ + Cl- Ag + Cl
A. Which reactant is oxidized
1) Ag+ 2) Cl- 3) Ag
B. Which reactant is reduced?
1) Ag+ 2) Cl- 3) Cl
 Solution R4

In light-sensitive sunglasses, UV light

initiates an oxidation-reduction reaction
Ag+ + Cl- Ag + Cl
A. Which reactant is oxidized
2) Cl- Cl- Cl + e-
B. Which reactant is reduced?
1) Ag+ Ag+ + e- Ag