BIODIVERSITY

CHAPTER 1
FORM 2 KSSM
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 Learning objectives

Understand the variety of living things

Learn to classify animals and plants based

on their common characteristics.

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 Concept
map

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 What is BIODIVERSITY?

Biodiversity = Variety of living organisms within a

given area.
United Nation Earth Summit in 1992 defined
biodiversity as the variability among living organisms
from all sources, including, inter alia, terrestrial,
marine and other aquatic ecosystems, and the
ecological complexes of which they are part: this
includes diversity within species, between species
and of ecosystems.
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 How BIODIVERSITY formed?

ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY GENETIC DIVERSITY

Complex physical & Genetic barriers that allow
biological environments specializations
Allow organisms to evolve TAXONOMIC DIVERSITY
specializations

BIODIVERSITY

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 Importance of BIODIVERSITY?

Food
Sources

Balance
Education
of Nature

BIODIVERSITY

Ecology Generate
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 Impacts on BIODIVERSITY

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Globalization
 Impacts on BIODIVERSITY

Biggest impacts are

Habitats Loss
Introductions of Exotic species
Exotic species, which are also known as alien
species, invasive species, non-indigenous species,
and bioinvaders, are species of plants or animals
that are growing in a non-native environment.
Alien species have been moved by humans to
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 Conservation & Preservation

Conservation is the sustainable use and

management of natural resources including
wildlife, water, air, and earth deposits.

Preservation, in contrast to conservation,

attempts to maintain in their present condition
areas of the Earth that are so far untouched by
humans.
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Biodiversity Trivia
17 mega biodiversity (megadiverse) countries in the world
Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, Zaire, Madagascar, China, India, Malaysia, Indonesia, Australia,
Papua New Guinea, South Africa, USA, Congo, Philippines and Venezuela.
Sira Poison Frog and Fiery Squirrel are all endemic to Venezuela.
Channel Islands Spotted Skunk is endemic to USA.
Papua New Guinea has the 3rd largest rainforest in the world. Some of the endemic wildlife include
carnivorous mice, tree-climbing kangaroos, and giant rats.
Indonesia has 17,000 islands. Roti Island Snake-necked Turtle is endemic to this nation.
Woolly-Stalked Begonia is endemic to Malaysia but declared extinct in 2007 due deforestation.
Galapagos Islands in Ecuador helped Charles Darwin author his famous Theory of Evolution.
Giant pandas are endemic to China.
Australia harbors between 600,000 and 700,000 different plants and animals. It is 1st in the world for
endemics. Well-known endemics include kangaroo and koala.

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 Variety of Living Things

Living things = organism

Organisms;
Humans
Animals
Plants
Habitat = natural place where a living thing
lives.
Different animals and plants live in different
habitats.

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 Classification of animals based on
common characteristics

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 Classification of plants based on
common characteristics

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 Constructing a system of classification

How to classify organism?

Dichotomous key of identification
Pairs of opposite characteristics are used in the
identification key.
At each instance, a pair of opposite characteristics are
used.
The identification key is constructed following two ways
to identify the following animals.
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Example: NEXT
 System of classification of animals

* Latin word
Animals vertebrate = backbone

Invertebrates Vertebrates
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System of classification of animals

Invertebrates
Animals which do not have
backbones
Invertebrates make up the
most number of animals in
the world.
Most invertebrates live in the
water.
System of classification of animals

Vertebrates
Animals with backbones
Warm-blooded vertebrates
Homoiothermic
Fixed body temperatures
Cold-blooded vertebrates
Poikilothermic
Body temperature change
according to the
temperature of surroundings.
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 Unusual characteristics of some mammals

Mammals Characteristics
Bats Have wings and fly like birds
Whales and dolphins Live in water like fish
Anteaters (ex: Pangolin) Lay eggs, have dry scales on bodies
like reptiles
Platypuses Lay eggs and have beaks like ducks
Porcupines Body covered with spines for
protection
Kangaroos and koalas Raise the young in body pouches
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 Interesting Trivia of Mammals

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 Quiz Super Spontan

What is meant by internal fertilisation and external fertilisation?

What is the main difference between humans and other
mammals?
State the body temperature of the following vertebrates at the
surrounding temperature of 20 oC.
Frog
Human
Why do dolphins, caught in fishing nets, die after sometime?

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 System of classification of plants

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Dicotyledons flowering plant

Rose Plant
Monocotyledon flowering plant

Oil Palm Tree

Algae

Seaweed
Mosses

Mosses
Ferns

Birds nest fern

Fungi

Mushroom