ASIA

T P10
ELECTRICAL SAFETY
Presented By: Abdus Samad
 Contents

Introduction
Fundamentals of Electrical Hazards
Types of Electric Injuries
Effect Of Electricity on Human Body
Preventive Measures
Summary

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 Introduction

Potential Dangers & Risks

Risk Of Injury
Risk Of Death

Types Of Electrical Hazards

Electric Shock
Electric Burn
Falls
Arching or Fire
An Average Of One Worker Is Electrocuted On The Job Every Day

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 Fundamentals of Electrical Hazards

Even Very Small Current Can Be Fatal

Death From Effects On Heart Or By Muscular Contraction,
Restricting Breathing
High Current May Cause A Person To Be Thrown Clear
Body Resistance From Hand To Hand, Of Dry Skin, Is About
1000 Ohms

LOW VOLTAGE DOES NOT MEAN LOW HAZARD

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 Types of Electrical Hazards

Electrical Shock
Effects on the nervous system on passing of electricity
through human body

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 Electrical Shock

Electric Shock Is Received When Current Passes Through The Body

Severity Of The Shock Depends On:

Path Of Current Through The Body

Amount Of Current Flowing Through The Body

Length Of Time The Body Is In The Circuit

Most Dangerous Situation Arises From The Disruption Of The Regular Contraction Of
Heart Or Respiratory Muscles

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 Effects & Dangers of Electric Shocks on Human Body

0.9 to 1.2 mA Current Just Perceptible

1.2 to 1.6 mA Tickling Sensation In Hand As From Ants
1.6 to 2.2 mA Sensation That Hand Has Gone To Sleep
2.8 to 4.0 mA Stiffening Of Hand
4.0 to 5.0 mA Feeling Of Cramp & Slight Trembling In Hands
5.0 to 7.0 mA Slight Cramp In Upper Arm
15 to 20 mA Release From Source Becomes Difficult
20 to 40 mA Serious & Painful Contraction Of Muscles
50 to 100 mA Serious Burns & Muscular Contraction
Above100 mA Ventricular Fibrillation, A State Of Heart
Leading Directly To Death

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 Types of Electrical Hazards

Electric Burns
Human Tissues Resist The Flow Of Electric
Current & The Heat Liberated During This
Process Causes Burn

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 Electrical Burns

Most Common Shock-Related, Non-Fatal Injury

Occurs When You Touch Electrical Wiring Or

Equipment That Is Improperly Used Or Maintained

Typically Occurs On The Hands

Very Serious Injury That Needs Immediate Attention

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 Types Of Electrical Hazards

Falls
Electric Shock Can Also Cause Indirect Or Secondary
Injuries
Workers In Elevated Locations Who Experience A
Shock Can Fall, Resulting In Serious Injury or death

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Types of Electrical Hazards

Electrical Fire

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 Electrical Fire

Main Causes Of Electrical Fire Are:

Overheating Of Cables & Equipment

Current Leakage Due To Poor Or Damaged Insulation

Overheating Of flammable materials placed too close

to electrical equipment

Ignition of flammable materials by arching, sparking

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 Preventive Measures

Inadequate Wiring Hazards

A Hazard Exists When A Conductor Is Too Small To Safely Carry The Current

Example: Using A Portable Tool With An Extension Cord That Has A Wire Too Small
For The Tool

- The Tool Will Draw More Current Than The Cord Can Handle

Cause:

- Overheating & A Possible Fire Without Tripping The Circuit Breaker

The Circuit Breaker Could Be The Right Size For The Circuit But Not For The
Smaller-Wire Extension Cord

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 Preventive Measures

Grounding Path
The Path To Ground From Circuits,
Equipment, & Enclosures Must Be
Permanent & Continuous
Violation Shown Here Is An Extension
Cord With A Missing Grounding Prong

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 Preventive Measures

Hand-Held Electric Tools

Hand-Held Electric Tools Pose A Potential Danger Because They Make
Continuous Good Contact With The Hand

To Protect From Shock, Burns, And Electrocution, Tools Must:

Have a Three-Wire Cord With Ground & Be Plugged Into A Grounded

Receptacle, Or

Be Double Insulated

Be Powered By A Low-Voltage Isolation Transformer

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 Preventive Measures

Guarding of Live Parts

Must Guard Live Parts Of Electric Equipment Operating At 50 Volts

Or More Against Accidental Contact By:
Approved Cabinets/Enclosures
Location Or Permanent Partitions Making Them Accessible
Only To Qualified Persons, Or

Mark Entrances To Guarded Locations With Conspicuous Warning

Signs

Must Enclose Or Guard Electric Equipment In Locations Where It

Would Be Exposed To Physical Damage

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 Preventive Measures

Guarding of Live Parts

Junction Boxes, Pull Boxes & Fittings Must Have Approved Covers

Unused Openings In Cabinets, Boxes & Fittings Must Be Closed (No Missing
Knockouts)

Flexible Cords Can Be Damaged By:

Aging
Door Or Window Edges
Staples Or Fastenings
Abrasion From Adjacent Materials
Activities In The Area

Improper Use Of Flexible Cords Can Cause Shocks, Burns Or Fire

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 Dos & Don'ts

Do Plug Power Equipment Into Wall Receptacles With Power Switches

In The Off Position

Do Unplug Electrical Equipment By Grasping The Plug & Pulling. Do Not

Pull Or Jerk The Cord To Unplug The Equipment

Do Not Drape Power Cords Over Hot Pipes, Radiators Or Sharp Objects
Do Check The Receptacle For Missing Or Damaged Parts.

Do Not Plug Equipment Into Defective Receptacles

Do Check For Cut, Cracked, Or Exposed Wiring On Equipment Cords

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 Dos & Don'ts

Do Check For Defective Cords Clamps At Locations Where The Power Cord
Enters The Equipment Or The Attachment Plug

Consumer Electrical Equipment Or Appliances Should Not Be Used If Not

Properly Grounded

Do Not Use Any Portable Equipment If It Is Not Tested

Employees Should Know The Location Of Electrical Circuit Breaker Panels

That Control Equipment & Lighting In Their Respective Areas. Circuits &
Equipment Disconnects Must Be Identified

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 Dos & Don'ts

Temporary Or Permanent Storage Of Any Materials Must Not Be Allowed

Within 3 Feet Of Any Electrical Panel Or Electrical Equipment.

Any Electrical Equipment Causing Shocks Or With High Leakage Potential

Must Be Tagged With A Danger Tag

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 Summary

Hazards Protective Measures

Inadequate Wiring Use Proper Size Of Wires

Exposed Electrical Parts Guarding Of Live Parts

Wires With Bad Insulation Replace With New Ones

Ungrounded Electrical Systems And Tools Use Grounding And ELCB

Overloaded Circuits
Proper Use Of Flexible Cords
Damaged Power Tools And Equipment
Training
All Hazards Are Made Worse In Wet
Conditions Keep Away From Wet Surfaces.

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