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fourth sheet of paper

DESALINATION
d-sa-l-n-shn
What is desalination?

simply the means of removing

salt from water to make it suitable
for human consumption and
industrial usage
HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND
 Greek sailors thousands of
years ago boiled seawater to
separate out fresh water from
salt
 Romans used clay filters to achieve
the same objectives
 As an industrial process,
desalination began as early as
1912 in Egypt
 After the Second World War, desalination became
more popular as hundreds of desalination mobile units
were made for military use in US units in arid areas
and across the globe
 By the 1980s desalination became fully commercialized, making
it more cost-effective in many countries

By the end of the last millennium many large-scale plants were

built or were under construction in the Middle East, Israel,
Australia and the United States
PROS AND CONS
PROS
Proven and effective

Massive amount of seawater

Preserve our current freshwater supply

CONS
Costly process

Expensive to build

Dramatic environmental impact

DESALINATION
TECHNOLOGIES
DESALINATION TECHNOLOGIES
CATEGORIES
Distillation processes

Membrane processes
DISTILLATION PROCESSES
Multistage flash distillation (MFD)

the commonest thermal desalination process used globally

Feed water is heated under pressure and passed through the

various flash chambers where pressure is successively
reduced, causing the water to evaporate rapidly
DISTILLATION PROCESSES
Multiple effect distillation (MED)

applies the principle of evaporation and condensation using

multiple vessels
process the feed sea water is distributed on the outside of the
multi-effect evaporators in thin films and condensed in the
inside surface
DISTILLATION PROCESSES
Vapor Compression (VC)

uses heat from the compression of vapor to evaporate the feed

water

two main methods of compression, mechanical vapor

compression that uses electricity and thermo-vapor
compression that uses steams from steam jet ejectors
MEMBRANE PROCESSES
Reverse Osmosis (RO)

uses pressure to transfer/push water through a semi-permeable

membrane

designed to be able to retain salts and other ions while allowing

water to pass through
MEMBRANE PROCESSES
Electro-dialysis (ED)/ Electro-dialysis reversal (EDR)

Use electrochemical separation methods to separate salt from

water by using an ion selective membrane and an electrical
potential as the driving force to overcome the membrane
resistance
Both processes are more suited for the desalination of brackish
water
Environmental Impacts
Environmental Impacts

Marine organisms near the intake

Waste concentrate disposal

Carbon footprints
Desalination Plants
in the Philippines
Desalination Plants in the
Philippines
Natural Power Enterprise

H2O Surplus Limited

Matten Technologies Inc.

Genesis Water Technologies

Largest Desalination Plants in the World
Ras Al Khair Desalination Plant
Go chshu arigatgozaimashita
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