KEBUTUHAN AIR UNTUK

PERTANIAN
Kebutuhan air
Air permukaan
Hubungan air, tanah, udara dan tanaman
 Gravitational Water
exists in macro -pores
has greatest energy (true liquid)
moves freely due to gravitational
forces. (2 hands, 1 hand, 3 fingers, 1 finger, touch)

Adhesion Cohesion Gravitational

Soil
Kebutuhan air tanaman
 Answer
The water moves sideways
and downward at the same
rate. This is because of
adhesion and cohesion. WATER
Would the movement be
different if the soil was
saturated?
Yes. The movement would
mainly be downward due to
gravity.
Soil Water
and Plant
Use
Water Budget

http://wwwcimis.water.ca.gov/cimis/infoIrrBudget.jsp
 Water Balance Diagram

Evapotranspiration
Potential ET
Water amount

Soil moisture Actual ET

utilization
Recharge Runoff Recharge
Precipitation
Ap May June July Aug. Sept Oct

ET > Precip = Soil moisture utilization

Precip > ET = Recharge, surplus, and runoff
 Calculating Soil Moisture

Gravimetric
The mass of water in a given
mass of soil (kg of water per
kg of soil).
Pw = Percent water by weight or
Pw = gr. water gr. OD soil

Pw = (weight of wet soil weight of oven dry soil) X 100

weight of oven dry soil
 Calculating Soil Moisture

Volumetric
The volume of water in a
given volume of soil (m3
of water per m3 of soil)
Pv = Vol H20 ml Vol soil ml
Pv = Percent volumetric
Pv = Pw X bulk density
 Calculating Soil Moisture
Inches of water per depth
of soil . or how many
inches of water are in a
specified depth of soil.

Inches water = Pv x (depth of soil)

or ..
depth of soil wetted = (inches of water) Pv
 What determines Plant Available
Water Capacity (AWC)
AWC = FC-WP
Rooting depth a) type of plants, b) growing
stage
Depth of root limiting layers
Infiltration vs. runoff (more water entering
soil, more will be stored )
Amount of coarse fragments (gravel)
Soil Texture - size and amount of pores
silt loam has greatest AWC, followed by
loam, clay loam silty clay loam