CONSTITUTIONAL

COMMITMENT
Article related to Education

Presented:

Dr. Tapan Dutta

Panskura Banamali College
 ARTICLES 28(1)

No religious instruction shall be

provided in any educational
institution wholly maintained out of
State funds.

2
 ARTICLE 29(1)

Any section of the citizens residing in

the territory of India or any part
thereof having a district language,
script or culture of its own shall have
the right to conserve the same.

3
 ARTICLE 29(2)

No citizen shall be denied admission

into educational institution maintained
by the State or receiving aid out of
state funds on grounds only of religion,
race, caste, language or any of them.

4
 ARTICLE 30 (1)

All minorities, whether based on

religion or language shall have the right
to establish and administer educational
institutions of their choice.

5
 ARTICLE 30 (2)
The State shall not, in granting aid to
educational institutions, discriminate
against any educational institution on
the ground that it is under the
management of minority, whether
based on religion or language.

6
 ARTICLE 41
The State shall, within the limits of its
economic capacity and development,
make effective provision for securing
the right to work, to education and
public assistance in cases of
unemployment, old age, sickness and
disablement.

7
 ARTICLE 45
The State shall endeavour to provide,
within a period of ten years from the
commencement of the Constitution, for
free and compulsory education for all
children until they complete the age 14
years.

8
 ARTICLE 46
The State shall promote with special
are the educational and economic
interests of the weaker sections of the
people and in particular, of SC and ST
and shall protect them from social
injustice and all forms of exploitation.

9
 ARTICLE 343

The official language of the union shall

be Hindi in Devanagiri script.

10
 ARTICLE 350 (a)

Each State will provide sufficient

facilities to the children of minority
linguistic sections at the primary level
in each local segment in the State to
get education in the mother tongue.

11
 ARTICLE 351
It will be the duty of the union to
enrich, develop and ensure prosperity
of the Hindi by which it can become the
medium of expression of Indian
culture.

12
 EDUCATIONAL
PROVISIONS IN
FEDRAL STATE AND
CONCURRENT LISTS OF
CONSTITUTION

13
 FEDERAL LIST

It comprises of 97 subjects on which

only the parliament can legislate.

14
 STATE LIST
It comprises of 66 subjects, which are
generally legislated by the state
legislatures, but under some spiritual
circumstances, even the Parliament can
legislate on them.
The State List gives responsibility for
providing State-controlled or State-aided
libraries, museums and other equal
institutions.
15
 CONCURRENT LIST
It comprises of 47 subjects on which
both Parliament and State legislatures
can frame laws but in case of
contradictory laws, the union laws are
recognized and the state laws are
considered as null and void.

16
 ITEMS AT 13, 63,64, 65 & 66
in the Union Lists are related to
Education
Item 13 mentions the educational and
cultural relations with other countries, co-
operation with international conferences,
councils and other agencies and decisions
taken in them.

17
 ITEM 63
Mentions scientific and technical
institutions fully or partly funded by
Govt. of India, which have been
declared to be of national importance
by the parliament.

18
 ITEM 64
Mentions scientific and technical
institutions of national importance as
Banaras Hindu University, Aligarh
Muslim University, Delhi University etc.

19
 ITEM 65
Mentions all those union agencies and
institutions which are for (a) vocational,
professional and technological training
(including defence officers and police
officers), (b) special studies and
progress of research work, and (c)
criminal research and technical
assistance.

20
 ITEM 66
Mentions the determination and
coordination of educational facilities at
higher level, or research, scientific and
technological education.

21
RESPONSIBILITIES OF
STATE GOVERNMENT &
CENTRAL GOVERNMENT

22
 Role of the State
Government
A statutory council of education should
be created at the State level with the
State Minister for Education as the
Chairman.
A statutory committee at the officers
level including State level officers in-
charge of different sectors of education
should meet frequently.
23
 The Education Secretary, like
Educational Advisor to the Government
Of India should be an Educationist
rather than an administrative officer.
State Educational Service should have
adequate number of Class I & II posts.
All D.E.Os should be IES & secretaries
of District School Board to SES. Scale of
pay correlated with UGC scale.

24
 In-service educational programme for
non-gazetted staff on the administrative
& inspectional side should be organised.
Fewer officers should be at the high &
larger number at a lower level with
adequate scales of pay.
Every 3 or 5 years, periodical reviews of
important administrative practices
should be held.

25
 2/3rd of available resources should be
devoted to school education and only
1/3rd to higher education.

26
 ROLE OF CENTRAL
GOVERNEMNT
Existing provisions of the Constitution
should be exploited for the
development of education and
evolution of a national educational
policy. Central leadership for the States
is essential for a vast country like
India.

27
 Indian Educational Services should be
instituted with a suitable method of
recruitment of high quality teachers,
administrators, planners & research
workers, 5% IES officers may be posted
in their own States.
The CABE & Ministry of Education
should be strengthened.

28
 NCERT should be developed as the
principal technical agency for the
improvement of the school education
with its numerous wings & departments.
National staff of Educational
Administrators should be established to
provide in service education for senior
officers in the Education Services, IES &
State Education Services. Besides
conducting short & long courses it should
have a research wing.
29
 KOTHARI EDUCATION
COMMISSION - 1964
Government Of India in Oct.1964 set upon
Education Commission under Resolution of
July 14, 1964.
The Commission was set up under the
Chairmanship of Dr.D.S.Kothari Chairman,
UGC.
16 members 11 Indians and 5 Foreign
experts.
30
 Commission began its task on Oct.2,
1964 and submitted its report on June
29,1966 to the Union Education Minister.
The Commission had set up 12 Task
Forces and & Working Groups.

31
 TASK FORCES
1. School Education
2. Higher Education
3. Technical Education
4. Agricultural Education
5. Adult Education
6. Science Education Research

32
7. Teacher Training and Teacher Status.
8. Student Welfare
9. New Techniques and Methods
10.Manpower
11. Educational Administration
12. Educational Finance.

33
 WORKING GROUPS
1. Womens Education
2. Education of B.C.s
3. School Buildings
4. School Community Relations
5. Statistics
6. Pre-Primary Education
7. School Curriculum 34
 MAIN FEATURES
1. Introduction of work-experience which
includes manual work, production
experience,etc & social service as integral
part of general education at more or less all
levels of education.
2. Stress on moral education& inculcation of a
sense of social responsibility. Schools should
recognise their responsibility in facilitating
the transition of youth from the work of
school to the world of work & life.
35
3. Vocationalisation of secondary
education.
4. Strengthening of the centres of
advance study & setting up of a small
number of major universities which
would aim at achieving highest
international standards.
5. Special emphasis on the training &
quality of teachers for schools.

36
6. Education for agriculture & research in
agriculture & allied sciences should be
given a high priority in the scheme of
educational reconstruction. Energetic &
imaginative steps are required to draw a
reasonable proportion of talent to go in for
advance study & research in agriculture
science.
7. Development of quality or pace-setting
institutions at all stages & in all sectors.

37
 The Commission observed that mother-
tongue had pre-eminent claim as the
medium of education at the school &
college stages. Moreover, the medium of
education in school & higher education
should generally be the same. The
regional languages should therefore be
adapted as the media of education in
higher education.

38
 The Commission further observed that the
public demand for secondary & higher
education had increased & would continue
to increase in future. It was therefore,
necessary to adopt a policy of selective
admissions to higher secondary &
university education in order to bridge the
gap between the public demand &
available facilities.

39
 The Commission was of the view that the
social segregation in schools should be
eliminated by the adoption of the
neighbourhood social concept at the lower
primary stage under which all children in
the neighbourhood will be required to
attend the school in the locality.

40
 NATIONAL POLICY ON
EDUCATION -1986

The National Policy on Education (1986)

and Programme of Action (1992) lay down
the objectives and features of Indian
Education Policy

41
 Development of International cooperation and
peaceful coexistence through education.
Promotion of equality. It could be achieved by
providing equal access and equal condition of
success to children.
A common educational structure (10+2+3) for
the whole of India.
Education for womens equality. The Indian
education should be used as a tool to change
the status of women in the society.

42
Equalization of SC population with others in
the matter of education. This is ensured by
giving incentives to parents who send their
children to schools, providing scholarship to
SC students for higher studies, reservation
of seats in institution of higher studies in
India, recruitment of SC teachers.
Opening of primary schools in tribal area for
promotion of education in ST people.
Development of curriculum and study
material in the language of tribal people. 43
 Emphasis on the education of minorities.
Adult education Initiation of National
Literacy Mission, for teaching illiterate
people of age group 15-35 and making
them aware of the day-to-day realities of
their surroundings.
Special emphasis on early childhood care
and education by opening up of day care
centres, promotion of child focused
programmes.
44
 Increasing the scope of Operation
Blackboard for uplift of standard of primary
education in India.
Secondary education curriculum should
expose the students to differentiated roles
of science, the humanities and social
science.
Redesigning of courses of higher education
to meet the increasing demand of
professionalism.
45
 Providing enhanced support to the research
work in universities. Efforts to relate
ancient Indian knowledge with the
contemporary reality.
Setting up of Open Universities and
Distance learning centres to promote the
goal of education as a lifelong process.
A combined perspective of technical and
management education.

46
 Minimum exposure to computers and training in
their use to be the part of professional
education.
All India Council for Technical Education will be
responsible for maintenance of norms and
standards, accreditation, funding, and
monitoring of technical and management
education in India.
Multiple task performance for teachers such as
teaching, research, development of learning
resource material, extension and management
of the institution.
47
 Providing teachers a better deal to make
education system in India work in proper
way, as teachers are the backbone of the
system. Providing better facilities to
institutions and improved services to
students.
Development of languages in great deal.
Measures to be taken for easy
accessibility of books at minimum costs
to all sections of students.
48
 Strengthening of science education for
the development of spirit of inquiry and
objectivity in the minds of students.
The purpose of examination is to bring
about qualitative improvement in
education. It should discourage
memorization.
Methods of teacher recruitment to be
recognised to ensure merit and objectivity
in the system.
49
 Overhauling of the system of teacher
education and establishment of District
Institutes of Education and
Training(DIET) to organise courses for
elementary school teachers.
Reviewing of educational developments
by the Central Advisory Board of
Education (CABE).
Involvement of local communities for
school improvement programmes.
50
 Involvement of local communities for
school improvement programmes.
Review of the implementation of the
parameters of the policy every five years.
Strengthening the base of pyramid of
Indian population for proper
development of education system in
India.

51