The Sources Of Islam

The Quran
 Names of the Quran
Quran (recitation) mentioned 73 times 17:88

Kitab (book) mentioned 77 times (2:1-2)

Furqan (Criterion) 4 times

Dhikr (Reminder) mentioned 55 times

Tanzeel (Revelation) over 140 times

 Linguistic Meaning
Quran root word is QARA’A meaning
read or recite. Hence, Quran means
“the reading” or the “recitation”

And (it is) a Quran which We have divided

(into parts), in order that you might recite it
to men at intervals 17:106
 Islamic Meaning
The Quran is the Arabic Speech of Allah,
which He revealed to Prophet Muhammad in
wording and meaning, and has been preserved
in the mushafs, and has reached us by
mutawaatir transmission, and is a challenge to
mankind to produce something similar to it.
 Inimitability Of the Quran
The Quran is considered the Greatest miracles
And if you are in doubt concerning that which We
have sent down to Our slave, then produce a
chapter of the like thereof and call your witnesses
(supporters and helpers) besides Allah, if you are
truthful.

Five verses: 2:23-24,10:38,11:13,17:88

52:33-34
QURAN & SCIENCE
 HUMAN EMBRYO, FLIES, ORIGIN OF THE
UNIVERSE, EXPANSION OF THE
UNIVERSE, ON IRON, SENSORY
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SKIN, ON
BOTANY, THE CONSTITUENTS AND
PRODUCE OF MILK, ABOUT THE
CLOUDS, THE RIVERS, THE FUNCTION
OF THE FOREPART OF THE HEAD
 See http://www.islam-guide.com/ &
http://www.quranandscience.com/miracle
s.html
 A Gradual Revelation
Wisdom behind gradual revelation

1. To strengthen resolve 25:32

2. To simplify memorization and understanding

3.) To prove the truthfulness of the Prophet 25:33

4.) To prove the miraculous nature of the Quran 4:82

5.) To reveal the laws of Islam

 Compilation of the Quran

 1st compilation by Abu Bakr in 12 AH after the

Battle of Yamaamah

 2nd compilation by Uthman 24-25 AH

 Compilation of Quran
Why wasn’t it compiled during the life of the
Prophet?

The Quran was written down in totality but

the Prophet didn’t order that it be compiled
between two covers
 No pressing need
 Quran continued to be revealed…last verse
nine days before death
 Quran not in chronological order
 Content of the Quran
114 chapters
6207 verses*
77,934 words*
323,671 letters*

Main themes:
 Creed or matters of Belief (Aqeedah)
 Stories and History
 Laws
 Preservation of the Quran

‫ون‬ُ َ َ َّ ۡ ِّ ۡ
َ ‫ۥ ل َح ٰـفِظ‬ ُ‫نَ ۡح ُن نَ َّزلنَا ٱلذك َر َوإِنا له‬ ‫إِنَّا‬

“Verily, We have revealed the Reminder,

and verily We shall preserve it.” (15:9)
The oldest Quranic
manuscripts
 Memorization of Quran

And We have indeed made the Quran easy

to understand and remember, then is there
any one who will remember (or receive
admonition)? (54:17)
“It will be said to the companion of the
Quran: Recite and rise in status, recite as
you used to recite in the world, for your
status will be at the last verse that you
recite.” (Abu Dawood)
 Memorization of Quran
The Prophet said: “Learn the Quran,
preserve it, and recite it in a beautiful,
musical manner, because it is swifter in
escaping (from your memory) than the
camels are from their hobbles. [Musnad
Ahmad]
 Sciences of the Quran
Occasion of revelation

Benefit of this knowledge

 To understand the circumstances in which

a verse was revealed
 To apply verses in a proper manner
 To know the person who caused the
revelation
 Sciences of the Quran
Abrogation
And when We change a Verse in place of
another, and Allah knows best what He
sends down, they (the disbelievers) say:
"You are but a forger/ liar)." 16:101

Example: Ruling on Alcohol

2:219 (harmful), don’t pray drunk (4:43),
prohibited (5:90)
 Sciences of the Quran
Abrogation

Benefits of this knowledge

 Understand and implement Quran properly
 Knowledge of gradual revelation of shariah
 Defense of Quran and Sunnah
 Sciences of the quran
Recitation
Tajweed: Science of the recitation of the Quran
 Ten different recitation of the Quran
Young boy
Indonesian
American
Kuwaiti
Saudi
Egyptian
 Virtue of the Quran
The best of you is he who learns the
Quran and teaches it to others. (Bukhari)
I have certainly left among you two
matters, that if you adhere to them, you
will never be misguided: the book of
Allah and the Sunnah of His prophet
(Malik)
 Virtue of Quran
And if there had been a Quran with which
mountains could be moved (from their places),
or the earth could be cloven asunder, or the dead
could be made to speak (it would not have been
other than this Quran). But the decision of all
things is certainly with Allah. Have not then
those who believed yet known that had Allah
willed, He could have guided all mankind? 13:31
 The neglect of the Quran
 Furqan: 30
 Avoiding listening to its recitation, beliving in it
or paying attention to it
 Avoiding acting by and respecting what the
Quran states as halal and Haram
 Avoiding accepting the Quran as an arbiter
 Avoiding pondering over it
 Avoiding using it as a cure for the diseases of
the heart
 Reaction to the Quran

Embraced Islam
Listening to it secretly themselves
Claimed it was magic (Story of Waleed p.269)
 The Sunnah
Lexical meaning: A way, course,
manner

Islamic meaning: What has been

passed down from the Prophet of his
statements, actions or tacit approvals.
*Hadith
 The Authority of the Sunnah
 Same level of authority as Quran

O you who believe! Obey Allah and obey

the Messenger, and those of you who are
in authority. (And) if you differ in anything
amongst yourselves, refer it to Allah and
His Messenger, if you believe in Allah and
in the Last Day. That is better and more
suitable for final determination.(4:80)
 The Authority of the Sunnah

Verily I have been given the Book and

something similar to it (Abu Dawood)

Open to Hadith Criticism

 Hadith Qudsi

The sayings that are termed as al-qudsi are

such that while the Prophet was relating
them to his Companions, he mentioned that
Allah, in effect, had communicated them to
him. However, these communications do
not form part of the Qur’an.
 Differences from Quran
1.) In the Quran the precise wording is from
Allah, while wording in the Hadith Qudsi is
given by the Prophet Muhammad

2.) The Quran is inimitable while the

Hadith Qudsi is not
 Differences from Quran

3.) The Qur’an has been transmitted by

(tawaatur), whereas the Hadith Qudsi is
often only transmitted by a few.

4.) Hadith Qudsi cannot be recited in the

prayer.